though the embryo donation is recognized as one of the methodsof infertility remedy, and the act of donation way of embryo to an infertile couple has been approved in iran, it seems that the act is imperfect in various fields, as an example the legal nature of embryo donation. there have been suggested various and sometimes contradictory interpretations on embryo donation. therefore, for remova...

it is a possibility that when the parties to a contract choose the law of a country as the applicable law, that law may reject such agreement and refer the contract to another law. it is generally accepted that in such a situation, the provisions of the law chosen, excluding rules relating to conflict of laws, should apply to the contract. however, some lawyers believe that the substantive prov...

although electronic contract consists of offer and acceptance, its specific characteristics and the fact that parties to it state their intention in a virtual world i.e. cyber-space, and specially given consumer's need of enough protection in this environment, new rules have been included in laws concerning this kind of contract which seek to make sure that consumer has been well informed ...

bailsman is commitment to summon party .this commitment on suspect of some, cause dominate on the third-party .for this reason, some have questioned the validity of contract, other groups have attempted to justify the validity of the contract with using of joint and several liability and advocacy. in sunni jurisprudence, the first tool used and in shiie, the second tool. but the truth is that t...

In this paper, seller-buyer supply chain coordination with general side-payment contracts is introduced to gain the maximum possible chain profit. In our model, the logistics costs for both buyer and seller are considered and the final demand is also supposed to be a decreasing function of the retail price. Since parties aim to maximize their individual profits, the contractual parameters are s...