Keywords: Powder dispersion Impact angle Agglomerates Computational fluid dynamics Discrete element method a b s t r a c t This paper numerically investigated the mechanisms of powder de-agglomeration on mechanical impaction, aiming to explain the experimental observations in our previous study (Adi et al., 2010). A numerical model based on a coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and discr...

Possible mechanisms for the breakage of molecular crystals under high-intensity ultrasound were investigated using acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) crystals as a model compound for active pharmaceutical ingredients. Surprisingly, kinetics experiments ruled out particle-particle collisions as a viable mechanism for sonofragmentation. Two other possible mechanisms (particle-horn and particle-wall c...

In the early stages of development of a new Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API), insufficient material quantity is available for addressing processing issues, and it is highly desirable to be able to assess processability issues using the smallest possible powder sample quantity. A good example is milling of new active pharmaceutical ingredients. For particle breakage that is sensitive to st...

there are limitations in experimental studies on sand-gravel mixtures due to the small size of testingspecimens. due to this problem, many researchers have worked on prediction of the shear strength of mixture by testingthe sandy fraction of soil alone and developed empirical relationships. most of the previous relationships have beendetermined for low surcharge pressures in which particle brea...

Population balances represent an effective framework for the analysis of rate processes in dispersed phase systems. Mainly, they are able to account for the dynamics of the dispersed phase because of particle breakup and agglomeration while concurrently accounting for the rate processes in single particles. The effectiveness of this framework depends on whether particle phenomena (such as break...