This paper describes a universal model for paraphrasing that transforms according to defined criteria. We showed that by using different criteria we could construct different kinds of paraphrasing systems including one for answering questions, one for compressing sentences, one for polishing up, and one for transforming written language to spoken language .

We investigate lexical paraphrasing in the context of two distinct applications: document retrieval and node identification. Document retrieval – the first step in question answering – retrieves documents that contain answers to user queries. Node identification – performed in the context of a Bayesian argumentation system – matches users’ Natural Language sentences to nodes in a Bayesian netwo...

As students reach the upper levels of primary school, there is a greater demand for them to demonstrate effective comprehension strategies to access successfully factual and nonfiction texts as part of their studies in various subject areas and to develop an independence in readiness for secondary schooling. This research project was designed to teach mixed ability students in an upper primary ...

In this paper, we present a method of improving quality of machine translation (MT) evaluation of Czech sentences via targeted paraphrasing of reference sentences on a deep syntactic layer. For this purpose, we employ NLP framework Treex and extend it with modules for targeted paraphrasing and word order changes. Automatic scores computed using these paraphrased reference sentences show higher ...

In this paper, we propose an automatic quantitative expansion method for a sentence set that contains sentences of the same meaning (called an equivalent sentence set). This task is regarded as paraphrasing. The features of our method are: 1) The paraphrasing rules are dynamically acquired by Hierarchical Phrase Alignment from the equivalent sentence set, and 2) A large equivalent sentence set ...

In this paper, we present a critical analysis of the state of the art in the definition and typologies of paraphrasing. This analysis shows that there exists no characterization of paraphrasing that is comprehensive, linguistically based and computationally tractable at the same time. The following sets out to define and delimit the concept on the basis of the propositional content. We present ...

This paper presents a statistical machine translation trained on normalized corpora. The automatic paraphrasing is carried out by inducing paraphrasing expressions from a bilingual corpus. Then, the normalization is treated as a specific paraphrase of a given input determined by the frequency in a corpus. The experimental results on Japanese-to-English translation with normalized English corpus...

Online Paraphrasing Using Internet Agents (OPIA), is a technique to facilitate on-line communications, such as discussions on message boards across disciplines. If the reader of a document is not in the same discipline as the author, the material will be difficult to understand. Our initial interest is in facilitating discussions among computer scientists and biologists. However, communication ...