Thrombin inhibition protects against liver fibrosis. However, it is not known whether the thrombin profibrogenic effect is due to effects on blood coagulation or to signaling via protease-activated receptors (PARs). We took advantage of the lack of blood coagulation defects in PAR-1-knockout mice. Acute carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) toxicity was similar in wild-type (WT), PAR-1(-/-), and PAR-1(...

mandibular incisor extraction in carefully selected cases as an alternative option to four bicuspid extraction or non extraction treatment has been advocated. the purpose of this study was to determine the degree of improvement in occlusion in patients with bolton discrepancy treated by one lower incisor extraction using peer assessment rating index (par indexes).pre and post treatment dental c...

Previous studies have indicated that mast cells are critical for the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases. Proteases released from mast cells have been reported to stimulate protease‑activated receptors (PAR), which induces microleakage and widespread inflammation. In order to investigate the pro‑inflammatory effect of PAR‑2 activation on adipose inflammation in obese mice, the varying distrib...

Serine proteases elicit cellular responses via protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) which is known to regulate inflammation and the immune response. Although the gastrointestinal tract is exposed to large amounts of proteolytic enzymes, the role of PAR-2 in canine inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) remains unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of PAR-2 activation on...

BACKGROUND Proteinase-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) has been shown to promote both neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects. Similarly, other routinely used nonspecific markers of neuronal damage can be found in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and can be used as biomarkers for different neurodegenerative disorders. METHODS Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting we assessed PAR-2...

Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is involved in numerous bio-logical processes including DNA repair, transcription and cell death. Cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) are regulated by PAR polymerases (PARPs) and the degrading enzyme PAR glycohydrolase (PARG), controlling the cell fate decision between life and death in response to DNA damage. Replication stress is a source of DNA damage, leading to...

This study was carried at the experimental farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bottle gourd cv. High-green (hybrid) was grown to investigate the morpho-physiological changes and yield performance under four different levels of light (100, 75, 50 and 25% PAR). It was observed that some of the morphological characters like main stem length, internode length and indiv...

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The mutation or overexpression of alpha-synuclein protein plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. In our preliminary experiments, we found that alpha-synuclein induced the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) (MMP-1, -3, -8, and -9) in rat primary cultured microglia. Thus, the current study was undertaken to determine the roles of MMPs in alpha-synuclein-induc...

An experiment was conducted at the research farm of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh with the cucumber cv. Modumoti to evaluate the porpho-physiological characters and yield performance under four different levels of light (100, 75, 50 and 25% PAR). Significant differences were observed among the treatments in response to different evaluated characters. Main stem length,...