Background: Thyroid papillary carcinoma is the most common clinical thyroid malignancy. Autophagy is related to the occurrence and development of tumors. However, there is no report about the correlation between autophagy protein expression and biological characteristics of thyroid papillary carcinoma and lymph node metastasis. Therefore, the authors studied the relationship between autophagy p...

Introduction: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is an uncommon neoplasm originating from parafollicular C cells. Distant metastasis in MTC, such as axillary node involvement, is extremely rare.  Case Report: The present study describes a known case of MTC with axillary lymph node metastasis in a 31-year-old woman. In 2010, she underwent total thyroidectomy and right-sided modified radical neck dis...

AIMS AND BACKGROUND Lymph node metastases are rare in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma, with an average incidence of 5.5% of all cases reported in the literature. In the present study we focused on the search for risk factors predictive of lymph node involvement in patients with follicular thyroid carcinoma to plan the most appropriate management and follow-up. METHODS AND STUDY DES...

To the Editor: The diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (DSPTC) is a relatively rare histologic subtype of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). It was first described in 1985 [1] and accounts for 2%-10% of all PTC [2-5]. The major clinical features of DSPTC include: younger age at presentation, larger tumor size, greater incidence of cervical lymph node involvement, distant m...

OBJECTIVES The extracapsular spread (ECS) of metastatic lymph nodes is associated with aggressive tumor behavior, and is regarded as a major risk factor for local recurrence in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. However, the significance of ECS of metastatic lymph nodes has not been well established in well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The purpose of this study was to exa...

Differentiated thyroid cancer most commonly presents as a thyroid nodule. Cervical node metastases are commonly observed. In the present report, we describe the clinical presentation, pathologic findings, surgical approach, and follow-up of 43 patients in whom the initial presentation of thyroid cancer was that of an enlarged cervical lymph node. At surgery, 65% of the patients had additional l...

The endothelin axis is a group of signaling molecules and their receptors that have been implicated in vascularization of cancers, with their expression being observed to change in different cancer types. In this research, we examined the expression of endothelin 1 and endothelin receptor A at the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in 123 papillary thyroid carcinomas and 40 matched lymph n...

OBJECTIVE To determine the patterns of lateral cervical metastasis and the incidence of level IIb lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma. DESIGN Retrospective medical record review. SETTING Academic medicine. PATIENTS From March 1, 2000, to April 30, 2006, 46 consecutive patients (38 women and 8 men) with papillary thyroid carcinoma. INTERVENTIONS Patients underwent 55 mod...

breast cancer is a major cause of mortality in women due to malignant diseases and is the most prevalent type of cancer in western countries. according to investigations which has been done in iran so far, the prevalence of disease in our country is also very high, therefore complete attention to clinical and pathological findings of this disease would be extremely essential. in this study, the...

AIM To investigate the expression of protein kinase CK2α (CK2α) in human thyroid disease and its relationship with thyroid cancer metastasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using immunohistochemistry we measured the expression of CK2α in 76 benign and malignant human thyroid cancer tissues, including 10 pairs of papillary carcinoma tissues with or without lymph node cancerous metastasis and similarly ...