Developing boundary layer flow and the flow over a backward-facing step are studied here. The LRN PANS k − ε [1] and the WALE turbulence model [2] are used as SGS models. The PANS (Partially AveragedNavier-Stokes) modelling approach [3, 4] is a modified k − ε model that can operate in both RANS and LES mode. An extension of PANS based on a four-equation k− ε− ζ − f model was recently proposed [...

Inhibitory interneurons are the fundamental constituents of neural circuits that organize network outputs. The striatum as part of the basal ganglia is involved in reward-directed behaviors. However, the role of the inhibitory interneurons in this process remains unclear, especially in behaving monkeys. We recorded the striatal single neuron activity while monkeys performed reward-directed hand...

Acupuncture as a therapeutic intervention has been widely used for treatment of many pathophysiological disorders. For achieving improved therapeutic effects, relatively thick acupuncture needles have been frequently used in clinical practice with, in turn, enhanced stimulation intensity. However due to the discomforting nature of the larger-diameter acupuncture needles there is considerable in...

This paper presents an overview of wireless local-area networks (LANs) and wireless personal area networks (PANs), with emphasis on the two most popular standards: IEEE 802.1 1, and Bluetooth. While there are many such surveys in the current literature and online, we attempt here to present wireless LANs and PANS in a unified fashion as a viable alternative to wired LANs, while stressing the re...

Unlike other physiological systems, the central nervous system (CNS) of primates evolves dramatically from that of other mammal species. Therefore, neuroscientists are concerned that conclusions derived from studies using common model animals, such as rodents, may not apply to higher primates, especially the humans. Even though studies on primates are strongly restricted by limited subject reso...

We consider the problem of searching through visualizations of large amounts of data by performing panning and zooming operations. We give algorithms to travel from a source to an unknown target using a number of pans and zooms that is competitive with the optimal number of pans and zooms depending on certain parameters, and consider both the one-dimensional and two-dimensional versions of this...

Soda pans are protected in the European Union as Natura 2000 areas category of “Pannonic saline steppes and marshes”. There at least six soda reference status Serbia only a half have strict legal protection. The number similar, but disturbed (modified) habitats that could be reconstructed is still unknown. We conducted sampling five natural two aiming to compare difference physical chemical wat...

Proton conducting gel electrolytes are very important components of clean energy devices. Phosphoric acid (PA, H(3)PO(4) · H2O) is one of the best proton conductors, but needs to be incorporated into some matrix for real device applications, such as into lyotropic liquid crystalline mesophases (LLCMs). Herein, we show that PA and nonionic surfactant (NS, C(12)H(25)(OCH(2)CH(2))(10)OH, C(12)E(10...