During the second postnatal week in rats, the hippocampus exhibits a transient period of hyperexcitability. To systematically assess the relationship between the onset and end of this period and spontaneous hippocampal activity, we used silicon depth electrodes in unanaesthetized head-fixed rats from postnatal day (P)2 to P18. At all ages, hippocampal sharp waves (SPWs) were prominent in the EE...

Nitric oxide (NO) is a neuronal messenger molecule that plays important roles in the development, maintenance, and functional modifications of brain circuits. We investigated whether the NO levels at different postnatal day (P) periods of the brain develop interference with the locomotion in a novel environment during the postpuberal age (P60). First, using the determination of the nitrite accu...

In this study flowering time and other important morphologic traits were evaluated during two years in F1 almond progenies of seventy two seedlings from cross between the intermediate flowering Italian cultivar ‘Tuono’ and the extra-late blooming Iranian cultivar ‘Shahrood-12’. A modified-bulk segregant analysis in combination with the application of the 140 RAPD primers, 87 nuclear ...

Let G be a finite undirected graph. A vertex dominates itself and all its neighbors in G. A vertex set D is an efficient dominating set (e.d. for short) of G if every vertex of G is dominated by exactly one vertex of D. The Efficient Domination (ED) problem, which asks for the existence of an e.d. in G, is known to be NP-complete even for very restricted graph classes such as P7-free chordal gr...

We prove three complexity results on vertex coloring problems restricted to Pk-free graphs, i.e., graphs that do not contain a path on k vertices as an induced subgraph. First of all, we show that the pre-coloring extension version of 5-coloring remains NP-complete when restricted to P6-free graphs. Recent results of Hoàng et al. imply that this problem is polynomially solvable on P5-free graph...

Plants of the family Anacardiaceae have a long history of use by various peoples for medicinal and other purposes. Cotinus coggygria, also known as the “smoke tree”, is one of the two species constituting a small genus of the family Anacardiaceae, viz., C. coggygria Scop. (syn.: Rhus cotinus L.) The Iranian smoke tree, plant material air-dried C. coggygria we...

In a graph G, an efficient dominating set is a subset D of vertices such that D is an independent set and each vertex outside D has exactly one neighbor in D. The Minimum Weight Efficient Dominating Set (Min-WED) problem asks for an efficient dominating set of total minimum weight in a given vertex-weighted graph; the Maximum Weight Efficient Dominating Set (Max-WED) problem is defined similarl...

We prove three complexity results on vertex coloring problems restricted to Pk-free graphs, i.e., graphs that do not contain a path on k vertices as an induced subgraph. First of all, we show that the pre-coloring extension version of 5-coloring remains NP-complete when restricted to P6-free graphs. Recent results of Hoàng et al. imply that this problem is polynomially solvable on P5-free graph...

Serial EEG recordings from immature rat pups are extremely difficult to obtain but important for analyzing animal models of neonatal seizures and other pediatric neurological conditions as well as normal physiology. In this report, we describe the features and applications of a novel miniature telemetry system designed to record EEG in rat pups as young as postnatal day 6 (P6). First, we have r...

Vulval development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is a beautifully simple system for asking how cells choose between different possible fates [1]. Vulval fate patterning involves just seven cells: a signaling cell (the anchor cell), which initiates vulval fate induction, and six vulval precursor cells which can respond to that inductive signal by generating vulval descendants (Figure 1)...