The activity of many proteins depends on the phosphoinositide (PI) content of the membrane. E.g., dynamic changes of the concentration of PI(4,5)P2 are cellular signals that regulate ion channels. The susceptibility of a channel to such dynamics depends on its affinity for PI(4,5)P2. Yet, measuring affinities for endogenous PIs has not been possible directly, but has relied largely on the respo...

The lateral ribosomal stalk is responsible for the kingdom-specific binding of translation factors and activation of GTP hydrolysis during protein synthesis. The eukaryotic stalk is composed of three acidic ribosomal proteins P0, P1 and P2. P0 binds two copies of P1/P2 hetero-dimers to form a pentameric P-complex. The structure of the eukaryotic stalk is currently not known. To provide a better...

1. Collateral damage, in military jargon, refers to unintended carnage that is a consequence of waging war. At Vanderbilt biomedical engineers are attacking the problem of “collateral damage” that results from battling disease. Their goal is to make medical procedures free of side effects. New technology-guided therapy, the result of collaborations between biomedical engineers and surgeons, is ...

BACKGROUND Allergic disease can be characterized as manifestations of an exaggerated inflammatory response to environmental allergens triggers. Mite allergen Der-p2 is one of the major allergens of the house dust mite, which contributes to TLR4 expression and function in B cells in allergic patients. However, the precise mechanisms of Der-p2 on B cells remain obscure. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FI...

The Cox protein from bacteriophage P2 is a small multifunctional DNA-binding protein. It is involved in site-specific recombination leading to P2 prophage excision and functions as a transcriptional repressor of the P2 Pc promoter. Furthermore, it transcriptionally activates the unrelated, defective prophage P4 that depends on phage P2 late gene products for lytic growth. In this article, we ha...

We investigate the unpolarized virtual photon structure functions F 2 x;Q2; P2 and F L x;Q2; P2 in perturbative QCD for the kinematical region 2 P2 Q2, where Q2 ( P2) is the mass squared of the probe (target) photon and is the QCD scale parameter. Using the framework of the operator product expansion supplemented by the renormalization group method, we derive the definite predictions for the mo...

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, most state pollution prevention (P2) efforts focused on the provision of technical assistance, based on the premise that a lack of technical knowledge was the primary impediment to business implementation of P2. It has become increasingly apparent that technical assistance alone is insufficient to motivate systematic change in industry. As a result, state and ...

The regulatory metabolite fructose-2,6-bisphosphate (Fru-2,6P2) has an important function in controlling the intermediary carbon metabolism of leaves. Fru-2,6-P2 controls two cytosolic enzymes involved in the interconversion of fructose-6-phosphate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate (fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase and pyrophosphate,fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase) and thereby controls the par...

During exocytosis, certain phospholipids may act as regulators of secretion. Here, we used several independent approaches to perturb the phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] level in bovine chromaffin cells to investigate how changes of plasmalemmal PI(4,5)P2 affect secretion. Membrane levels of PI(4,5)P2 were estimated by analyzing images of lawns of plasma membranes labeled with ...

The master differential equations in the external square momentum p2 for the master integrals of the two-loop sunrise graph, in n-continuous dimensions and for arbitrary values of the internal masses, are derived. The equations are then used for working out the values at p2 = 0 and the expansions in p2 at p2 = 0, in (n− 4) at n → 4 limit and in 1/p2 for large values of p2. ——————————PACS 11.10....