human’s disregard to nature and consequently his living environment’s distance from natural endowments and potentials have caused many problems. human’s living spaces are less desirable for him, and have destroyed his comfort in many cases, as man-made things. in this regard, public open spaces in residential areas can be mentioned because they are usually considered among the most vulnerable s...

Different indexing techniques have been proposed to index either the continuous data space (CDS) or the non-ordered discrete data space (NDDS). However, modern database applications sometimes require indexing the hybrid data space (HDS), which involves both continuous and non-ordered discrete subspaces. In this paper, the structure and heuristics of the ND-tree, which is a recently-proposed ind...

abstract considering the dominance of public open space use, over the use of private open space of single-family housing, in large cities in iran, an important issue in programming for designing open spaces of residential complexes is to facilitate the appropriate development of the children in open spaces. the present paper attempts to provide a flexible framework for tackling the challenge of...

HIGHLIGHTS • Vegetation structure and composition were measured in four major green space types • Remnants and golf courses supported highest native plant richness • Residential neighborhoods and urban parks supported highest exotic plant richness • Residential neighborhoods lacked key habitat structures including old trees • Green spaces can achieve complex vegetation with both native and exot...

Historically, Denmark—like the other Nordic countries—has had relatively few, and low residential high-rise buildings compared to urbanized countries. Inspired by an international vertical urban turn, however, multiple high-rises have now been planned built. This has refueled debate on whether living in is compatible with Danish housing culture our high standard of social life. From this local ...

Building fire puts great threat on people’s lives and causes huge numbers of fatalities each year. In 2007, total fire death in the United States alone was 3,430. The number of fatalities is distributed among residential 75.5%, non-residential 3.6%, vehicle 16.7%, outside 1.6%, and other 2.6%. Although much research has been done on building fire simulation to support designing safer buildings,...

This study examines parents’ demand for sending their children to a public school located outside their residential school district. Using a unique data set that contains information concerning both inter-district transfers and rejections of transfer applications, I am able to identify which school district characteristics attract the greatest demand for incoming transfers. The analyses reveal ...

For the administrative districts of city Ufa (the capital Republic Bashkortostan, Russia), distribution green spaces, including public degree greening, and accessible spaces per resident, were analysed. Green estimated to be available for citizens within 400 m (for multi-story building areas), 800 low-rise 1250 all residential areas). The analysis relies on open geographic system tools spatial ...

The research reported in this paper addresses the relationship between quality of open space and health related lifestyle in urban residential areas. The research was performed in the residential developments in Ljubljana, Slovenia, dating from the time of political and economic changes in the early nineties. Compared to the older neighborhoods, these are typically single-use residential areas,...