Accumulating in vitro evidence suggests that the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway is involved in endochondral ossification. To investigate the role of this pathway in endochondral ossification, we generated transgenic mice with expression in chondrocytes of a constitutively active mutant of MKK6, a MAPK kinase that specifically activates p38. These mice had a dwarf phenotype ...

We propose a two-step model for the evolutionary origin of the turtle shell. We show here that the carapacial ridge (CR) is critical for the entry of the ribs into the dorsal dermis. Moreover, we demonstrate that the maintenance of the CR and its ability to attract the migrating rib precursor cells depend upon fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling. Inhibitors of FGF allow the CR to degenerat...

This Classic article is a reprint of the original work by Joseph C. Risser, The Iliac Apophysis: An Invaluable Sign in the Management of Scoliosis. An accompanying biographical sketch of Joseph C. Risser, MD is available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-009-1095-0. The Classic Article is 1958 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and is reprinted with permission from Risser JC. The iliac apophysis: an invaluab...

A cardiac myxoma, a rare but relatively common tumor, was surgically excised. Histopathological examination of the lesion revealed an extensive internal ossification. Ossification interior myxomas is rarely reported, and most are large tumors; however, this case small tumor. The cause ossification has not yet been clearly reported.

Formation of bone in cases of renal cell carcinoma is a rare finding and only a couple of case reports from Japan and one from India are mentioned in the literature. Calcification inside renal mass has been reported earlier but the prognostic implications have not been clearly elucidated. We report a case which showed heterotopic bone formation (ossification) inside the renal mass and was manag...