The patient with obstructive jaundice has an increased risk ofdeveloping renal failure. The commonest clinical situations in which this is seen is after surgical operation, as a result of percutaneous cholangiography or in association with severe ascending cholangitis. The risk of acute renal failure is decreased by ensuring adequate hydration and maintaining a high urine flow, if necessary usi...

An alcoholic patient presented with profound hyponatremia (serum sodium concentration, 96 mEq/L) caused by the combined effects of a thiazide diuretic, serotonin reuptake inhibitor, beer potomania, and hypovolemia. A computed tomographic scan of the brain was indistinguishable from one obtained 3 weeks earlier when he was normonatremic. Concurrent administration of 3% saline solution and desmop...

sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (sglt2) inhibitors are a new glucose-lowering therapy for t2dm with documented benefits on blood glucose, hypertension, weight reduction and long term cardiovascular benefit. they have an inherent osmotic diuretic effect and lead to some volume loss and possible dehydration. there is some concern about the safety of using sglt2 inhibitors in muslim type 2 diabete...

Background: Pyrethroids are generally of low toxicity to humans, but in suicidal poisonings which are usually associated with ingestion of high doses, they lead to severe systemic effects. Case Report: A 30-year old woman presented to emergency department with a history of intentional ingestion of about 15 mL of prallethrin around 3 days earlier. She complained of shortness of breath along with...

objective: congestive heart failure (chf) has become one of the most important health care problems in western countries. this article focuses on the outpatient diagnosis and management of heart failure. we want to compare the outcome of patients who were treated with high dose diuretics in the emergency department (ed) without admission with patients who were admitted to hospital for standard ...

objective(s):protective effects of diuretics, particularly of hydrochlorothiazide (hct), for the development of seizure attacksepilepsy have been described in vivo. however, itsthe mechanism of action of hct is unknownneeds to be elucidated. materials and methods: extracellular field potentials were recorded from the ca1- and ca3-subfields of the hippocampus of rats. epileptiform discharges wer...

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) emerges to be an important geriatric health issue. It may progress to end stage renal failure and affect the quality of life. However, little is known about the associated factors of CKD. So this study aimed to determine the associated factors of CKD among hyponatraemic elderly.   Methods: This is a retrospective study of hyponatraemic patients aged ...