Rice (Oryza sativa) is regarded as the only grass that was selected for cultivation and eventual domestication in the Yangtze basin of China. Although both macro-fossils and micro-fossils of rice have been recovered from the Early Neolithic site of Shangshan, dating to more than 10,000 years before present (BP), we report evidence of phytolith and starch microfossils taken from stone tools, bot...

Weedy rice ( Oryza spp.) has successfully adapted to invasion of cultivated O. sativa L.) fields by being a strong competitor from the early vegetative growth stages crop harvest. While seed shattering and dormancy have been shown contribute competitiveness at reproductive stage, much less is known about traits that could weedy adaptation stage. We examined several physiological in five differe...

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi species from the genus Aspergillus, notably A. flavus, parasiticus and nomius, which develop naturally in food products tend to cause wide array of toxic effects several animal species, including humans. typically reported dry commodities such as cereals, spices, fruits. This research was conducted Ido-Osi, Efon, Emure Local Government Area...

Crop tolerance to flooding is an important agronomic trait. Although rice (Oryza sativa) is considered a flood-tolerant crop, only limited cultivars display tolerance to prolonged submergence, which is largely attributed to the presence of the SUB1A gene. Wild Oryza species have the potential to unveil adaptive mechanisms and shed light on the basis of submergence tolerance traits. In this stud...

· Despite substantial investigations into Oryza phylogeny and evolution, reliable estimates of the divergence times and ancestral effective population sizes of major lineages in Oryza are challenging. · We sampled sequences of 106 single-copy nuclear genes from all six diploid genomes of Oryza to investigate the divergence times through extensive relaxed molecular clock analyses and estimated t...

Monascus spp. namely Monascus sanguineus was isolated from pomegranate (Punica granatum). In this study, the isolated M. sanguineus was compared with M. purpureus MTCC410 procured from MTCC Chandigarh, India for optimising the red pigment yield. It was observed that both strains had produced maximum red pigment on the 16 day of incubation (21.9 CVU/ml for M. sanguineus & 16.9 CVU/ml for M. purp...

A choice test revealed that Hessian fly, Mayetiola destructor (Say) (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), adults deposited approximately 3 times more eggs on wheat (Triticum spp.), seedlings than on barley (Hordeum spp.) or rice, Oryza sativa L., seedlings. On a barley seedling, 49.4% of eggs were deposited on either the abaxial leaf surface or the coleoptile and first leaf sheath (C&FLS), where newly hatc...

Almost all that is known about the transition to flowering in grasses is based on studies of agronomic species. The grain produced by two tropically derived grasses, maize (Zea mays) and rice (Oryza sativa), and a temperate origin grass, wheat (Triticum aestivum), provides most of the world’s food. Other grasses, such as barley (Hordeum vulgare), ryegrass species (Lolium spp.), sorghum (Sorghum...

Several restriction sites in the cytochrome oxidase I gene of fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), were identiÞed by sequence analysis as potentially being speciÞc to one of the two host strains. Strain speciÞcity was demonstrated for populations in Florida, Texas, Mississippi, Georgia, and North Carolina, with an AciI and SacI site speciÞc to the rice (Oryza spp.)-strain and a Bs...

In plants, the genome of the host responds to the amplification of transposable elements (TEs) with DNA methylation. However, neither the factors involved in TE methylation nor the dynamics of the host-TE interaction are well resolved. Here, we identify 5,522 long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RT) in the genome of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica and then assess methylation for individual ele...