AIMS The possible interaction between nicotine and 'binge drinking' in eliciting changes in behavioural patterns of 'binge drinking' rats as well as nucleus accumbens (NAc) glutamate levels has been investigated in these present studies. METHODS Adult or adolescent male and female rats received ethanol, 2 g/kg or 3 g/kg, by gavage in a 'binge drinking' regimen (3 times/day over a 6 h period, ...

Insects use taste to evaluate food, hosts, and mates. Drosophila has many "orphan" taste neurons that express no known taste receptors. The Ionotropic Receptor (IR) superfamily is best known for its role in olfaction, but virtually nothing is known about a clade of ∼35 members, the IR20a clade. Here, a comprehensive analysis of this clade reveals expression in all taste organs of the fly. Some ...

Background: Disturbances in maternal care have been associated with increased risk for drug abuse later in life. However, there has been little investigation of the effects of maternal separation (MS), a model of early life stress, on nicotine dependence, specifically during adolescence. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of MS on nicotine-conditioned place preference (CPP...

in this research, a comparative attachment styles in normal and delinquency adolescents was examined. participants is 60 normal adolescent (32 male and 28 female) and 60 delinquency adolescent (32 male and 28 female) tehran city. in this research the main goal of research was to assessment of. attachment styles to use of questionnaire revised adult attachment scale (raas) and for assessment per...

Childhood sexual abuse has often been implicated in the etiology of adolescent sex offending behavior. Victimization rates in the literature vary according to whether data are collected prior (22%) or subsequent (52%) to treatment. Previous research suggests that the incidence of sexual abuse varies as a function of victim age and gender. Sexual abuse histories were collected from 87 adolescent...

Objective: The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of group narrative therapy on enhancing self-esteem and self-efficacy of 20 Iranian male orphan adolescents (13-18 years of age). Methods: Participants were randomly assigned to the experimental and control group. Then, a 10-week group therapy was performed. Outcome measures included the Rosenberg selfesteem inventory an...