How can goals be represented in natural and artificial systems? How can they be learned? How can they trigger actions? This paper describes, analyses and compares two of the most influential models of goal-oriented behavior: the ideomotor principle (IMP), which was introduced in the psychological literature, and the “test, operate, test, exit” model (TOTE), proposed in the field of cybernetics....

The experiment of this paper studied the role social orientation would play in double-dilemma situations. In a double-dilemma situation, social dilemmas exist both between and within groups; a cooperation choice at the within-groups level is considered a defection choice at the between-groups level, and vice versa. Using such a situation, whether "others" in other-orientedness are limited to th...

Behaviors of individuals in teams both contribute to and are molded by team dynamics. How they do so has been the subject of much research. A method of portraying individuals' behaviors in teams, the Team Diagramming Method (TDM) is presented. Behaviors are rated by other team members on three important dimensions: positivity/negativity, dominant/submissive, and task-orientedness/expressiveness...

The standard way of visualising protocols using pictures with boxes and arrows is insufficient to study the protocols in detail. The problem is that the structuring of the protocols relies on elements not explicit in the standard visual rendering. To solve the problem one should visualise not only the operations and the messages but also the state and the security. Using an object oriented data...

versus Episodic Representations In accordance with the instance theory of memory (Logan, 1988), the present work assumes that each encounter with a stimulus is encoded and stored as a separate instance. Intention is instrumental in the formation of instances because intention as goal-orientedness requires attention. And attention has been suggested to be a sufficient condition for binding co-oc...

This paper gives an introduction to some of the basic concepts in the book, A Generative Theory of Shape (Michael Leyton, Springer-Verlag, 2001). The book develops a new mathematical theory of design, and supports this theory with lengthy analyses of mechanical CAD/CAM, architectural CAD, solid modeling, kinematics, etc., as well as the principal areas of perception, such as visual grouping. Of...

This article presents a process for the reengineering of computer-based control systems, and describes tools that automate portions of the process. The intermediate representation (IR) for capturing features of computer-based systems during reverse engineering is presented. A novel feature of the IR is that it incorporates the control system software architecture, a view that enables informatio...

The standard way of visualising protocols using pictures with boxes and arrows is insufcient to study the protocols in detail. The problem is that the structuring of the protocols relies on elements not explicit in the standard visual rendering. To solve the problem one should visualise not only the operations and the messages but also the state and the security. Using an object oriented data o...

In terms of goal orientedness, selection is the driving force of Genetic Algorithms (GAs). In contrast to crossover and mutation, selection is completely generic, i.e. independent of the actually employed problem and its representation. GA-selection is usually implemented as selection for reproduction (parent selection). In this paper we propose a second selection step after reproduction which ...

If a precise definition of object-oriented programming languages is elusive, the confusion surrounding objectoriented databases is even greater. Rather than attempt to give a comprehensive definition of the subject we shall concentrate on a few properties of object-oriented databases that we believe to be of central importance. We want to show that these properties can be concisely captured in ...