managing the supply chain plays an important role in creating competitive advantages for companies. adequate information flow in supply chain is one of the most important issues in scm. therefore, using certain information systems can have a significant role in managing and integrating data and information within the supply chain. pharmaceutical supply chain is more complex than many other supp...

As the ability to transplant organs and tissues has grown, the demand for these procedures has increased as well--to the point at which it far exceeds the available supply creating the core ethical challenge for transplantation--rationing. The gap between supply and demand, although large, is worse than it appears to be. There are two key steps to gaining access to a transplant. First, one must...

The scarcity of suitable organ donors leads to protracted waiting times and mortality in patients awaiting lung transplantation. This study aims to assess the short- and long-term effects of a high emergency organ allocation policy on the outcome of lung transplantation. We developed a simulation model of lung transplantation waiting queues under two allocation strategies, based either on waiti...

Traffic safety mandates are typically designed to reduce the harmful externalities of risky behaviors. We consider whether motorcycle helmet laws also reduce a beneficial externality by decreasing the supply of viable organ donors. Our central estimates show that organ donations resulting from fatal motor vehicle accidents increase by 10 percent when states repeal helmet laws. Two features of t...

Carbon monoxide intoxication is a well-known cause of hypoxic injury primarily to the central nervous system and myocardium, but the bowel may be also vulnerable. Patients succumbing to carbon monoxide poisoning are usually considered unsuitable for organ procurement and they are routinely rejected in many transplant centers. As the organ supply is by far insufficient to meet the needs of patie...

Primary toxoplasmosis and reactivation of latent infections occur in solid organ transplant recipients. However, solitary cerebral lesions due to toxoplasmosis are rare. In this case, a patient presented with a haemiparesis and a cerebral lesion. We expected to find cerebral post-transplant lymfoproliferative disorder because of positive Epstein-Barr virus by polymerase chain reaction in cerebr...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Laryngeal transplantation offers the potential for patients without a larynx to recover their voice, which is critical in our communication age. We report clinical and functional outcomes from a laryngotracheal transplant. Widespread adoption of this technique has been slowed due to the ethical concerns of life-long immunosuppression after a nonvital organ transplant. Our ...

The organ trafficking market is on the rise worldwide. Numerous unfortunate stories of networks of brokers, physicians, and hospitals engaged in illegal trade have been featured in high-profile media. The profitable enterprises facilitating these unregulated services exploit the poor in underresourced countries and offer substandard medical care with unacceptable outcomes to the rich recipients...

Several advances in the filed of organ transplantation in last decades have resulted in significant increase in the number and methods of transplantation. In this article various aspects of organ transplantation including immunosuppressive medications, common skin tumors seen in transplant recipients, possible mechanisms involved in increased incidence of skin tumors and finally preventive meas...

O rgan transplants began in 1954 with a kidney transplant performed at Brigham & Women’s hospital in Boston. But such procedures only began to take off with the development in the 1970s of immunosuppressive drugs that could prevent the rejection of transplanted organs. Since then, the number of kidney, liver, heart, and other organ transplants has grown rapidly, but not nearly as rapidly as the...