Macroinvertebrate communities and environmental variables were assessed seasonally for 1 year in a temporary river in South Portugal receiving an effluent with high conductivity, pH, sulphates, nitrates and low oxygen content. The usefulness of the ordination method canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) and the classification method cluster analysis (UPGMA) were examined to evaluate the pertu...

Canonical correspondence analysis and redundancy analysis are two methods of constrained ordination regularly used in the analysis of ecological data when ordinations based on several response variables (for example, species abundances) are related linearly to several explanatory variables (for example, environmental variables, spatial positions of samples). In this report I demonstrate the adv...

The objective of this paper is to examine the crucial area of co-ordination in multi-agent systems. It does not attempt to provide a comprehensive overview of the co-ordination literature; rather, it highlights the necessity for co-ordination in agent systems and overviews briefly various co-ordination techniques. It critiques these techniques and presents some conclusions and challenges drawn ...

Visualising data is a key step in analysis, allowing researchers to find patterns, and assess communicate the results of statistical modelling. In ecology, visualisation often challenging when there are many variables (often for different species or other taxonomic groups) they not normally distributed counts presence–absence data). Ordination common powerful way overcome this hurdle by reducin...