The Least Mean Square (LMS) algorithm, introduced by Widrow and Hoff in 1959 [12] is an adaptive algorithm, which uses a gradient-based method of steepest decent [10]. LMS algorithm uses the estimates of the gradient vector from the available data. LMS incorporates an iterative procedure that makes successive corrections to the weight vector in the direction of the negative of the gradient vect...

Agricultural extension workers’ service has been placed as the central pattern of agricultural transformation in general and smallholder farmers in particular. Due largely to this commensurately known trend, identifying factors that determine farmers’ access to extension workers’ service and the effect of the service on crop yield was found to be imperative. Cross sectional data was collected t...

The purpose of this research is to examine whether outcome controls of group work (i.e. time pressure and reward), trust, and motivation affect shared leadership in virtual teams. In addition, we explore the relationship between shared leadership and information sharing effectiveness in these teams. Results of a laboratory experiment on collaboration technology-based virtual teams indicate that...

This research demonstrates the application of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method in order to obtain the best fit model for a more efficient and accurate inter-relationship among variables findings and interpretation. For the purpose of this study, secondary data of Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) had been used. The data were distributed by using two stage st...

Education is an important factor that can affect the development of a country and basic human need. To ensure continuous progress education, it necessary to pay attention results achievements education in Indonesia. In this research model, Partial Least Square Path Modeling (PLS PM) used explain relationship between outcomes quality dimensions provincial However, because there heterogeneity pop...

localizing the optic disc (od) in retinal fundus images is of critical importance, since it is very similar to hard exudates (found in pathology) in color and brightness. because of the importance of od localization in clinical applications, many techniques have been developed. in this paper, we present the results obtained from two methods, correlation and least square, to approximate the opti...

African leaders accepted in the year 2001 through the Abuja Declaration to allocate 15% of their government expenditure on health but by 2013 only five (5) African countries achieved this target. In this paper, a comparative analysis on the impact of health expenditure between countries in the CEMAC sub-region and five other African countries that achieved the Abuja declaration is provided. Dat...

We formulate and evaluate weighted and ordinary least squares procedures for estimating the parametric rate function of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process. Special emphasis is given to processes having an exponential rate function, where the exponent may include a polynomial component or some trigonometric components or both. Theoretical and experimental evidence is provided to explain some surpr...