OBJECTIVES To investigate whether the combination of an oral endothelin (ET)-A receptor antagonist and an oral prostacyclin(PGI2) analogue is superior to the single use of each drug alone for treating pulmonary hypertension(PH). BACKGROUND Treatment with intravenous PGI2 or an ET-A receptor antagonist was effective for PH; however, the effect of both administrations is unclear. METHODS We a...

Ten healthy individuals received in random order placebo, nifedipine 10 mg, nifedipine 20 mg, nitrendipine 10 mg and nitrendipine 20 mg as single oral administrations at weekly intervals. On the day before each treatment placebo was administered. Urine was collected for 6 h and then for 18 h after each administration. There was a significant increase in urine volume and sodium excretion after t...

Induction of the cytochrome P450 (P450) enzyme is a major concern in the drug discovery processes. To predict the clinical significance of enzyme induction, it is helpful to investigate pharmacokinetic alterations of a coadministered drug in a suitable animal model. In this study, we focus on the induction of CYP3A, which is involved in the metabolism of approximately 50% of marketed drugs and ...

Observing a lack of response to orally administered drugs in a patient with Behçet's disease, we studied the absorption of amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, phenytoin, and acetaminophen in this patient after single and (or) multiple dose administrations. The relative oral/intramuscular bioavailability of amitriptyline was only 13%, and the steady-state concentrations of this drug on four ...

addiction or substance dependence could be defined as a physical, psychological and social illness that not only is the most complicated psychiatric disease, but also known as the most major problem in many countries, including iran. it is clear that private addiction treatment centers as the main channel of this battle, confront with so many complications and difficulties. in addition, the man...

Guaifenesin is an expectorant commonly used in performance horses to aid in the clearance of mucus from the airways. Guaifenesin is also a centrally acting skeletal muscle relaxant and as such is a prohibited drug with withdrawal necessary prior to competition. To the authors' knowledge, there are no reports in the literature describing single or multiple oral administrations of guaifenesin in ...

Serum kinetics of metronidazole and tinidazole were compared in four separate randomized crossover studies. Single doses of each drug were given to healthy volunteers through intravenous infusion (500 mg over 20 min, six persons), by mouth (500 mg, nine persons), by rectum (1,000 mg, six persons), or intravaginally (500 mg, six persons). Concentrations of the unchanged drugs in serum, measured ...

Pharmacokinetics and residue elimination of streptomycin sulfate (STR) are important in the determination of optimal dosage regimens and in establishing safe withdrawal periods in farmed fishes. The pharmacokinetics of STR was studied after a single dose (50 mg/kg) of intramuscular (i.m.) or oral gavage (p.o.) administration to Japanese eel (Anguilla japonica) in freshwater at 25 ̊C. Eight fish ...

Objectives The first cause of tooth loss in developed countries is periodontitis. Chronic periodontitis is the most common form of periodontitis and it is characterized by loss of periodontal attachment, destruction of alveolar bone and eventual loss of teeth. Atorvastatin is a statin drug used for the treatment of high cholesterol. Statins can stop the inflammatory proc...

Background: Ferula species have shown wide range of pharmacological properties but there is no study on oral safety profile of Ferula persica due to standard toxicology guidelines. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of the alcoholic extract of the aerial parts of Ferula persica to provide its safe dose for long term oral administrations as a possible...