conclusions the results of the present study demonstrate that oral contraceptives containing estradiol can lead to candida colonization in the oral cavity. it is recommended that further studies comparing the influence of oral contraceptives on candida’s adherence to the epithelium is highly recommended. results the frequency of positive cultures of candida albicans was higher (p value = 0.03) ...

BACKGROUND Women with Crohn's disease are usually advised not to take oral contraceptives, but, unlike smoking, there is no clear association between current oral contraceptive use and more severe disease. AIM To assess the effect of oral contraceptive use on the clinical course of Crohn's disease. PATIENTS 331 women, aged 16-50 years, with Crohn's disease and Crohn's disease activity index...

Hormone-based therapies including combined oral contraceptive medications and spironolactone are considered effective therapies to treat adult acne in women. Our objective is to provide a concise and comprehensive overview of the types of hormonal therapy that are available to treat acne and comment on their efficacy and safety profiles for clinical practice. A systematic search using the PubMe...

background: endometriosis is a common gynecological problem associated with chronic pelvic pain. objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of current hormonal treatments of endometriosis associated pain. materials and methods: randomized controlled studies identified from databases of medline and cochrane systemic review groups were pooled. 7 rcts were recruited for evaluation in this review. da...

This report aims to identify factors which are related to use of oral contraceptives at an early age. A self-administered questionnaire was completed at schools in 1988 and 1992 in southern and western Finland (N = 1339). Sexually experienced girls (mean age 15.8 years) who had answered the question concerning their oral contraceptive use were included (N = 389). Logistic regression analysis wa...

BACKGROUND Most women taking combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are satisfied with their contraceptive method. However, one of the most common reasons reported for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is mood deterioration. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare effects of the second and third generation oral contraceptive pills on the mood of reproductive women. MATERIAL...

Little is known about the etiologic profile of triple-negative breast cancer (negative for estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor/human epidermal growth factor), a breast cancer subtype associated with high mortality and inadequate therapeutic options. We undertook this study to assess the risk for triple-negative breast cancer among women 45 years of age and younger in relation to demographic...

Published reports have described an increased incidence of adenomas and of hepatocellular carcinomas in livers of women with a history of long-term oral contraceptive use. Evidence derived from human and experimental animals suggests that oral contraceptive steroids may be liver tumor promoters. Experiments were designed to determine the initiating and/or promoting potential of two oral contrac...