Nanostructured doped As2Ni3O8 samples were synthesized via facile one step solid state reactions at 850 °C for 8 h using As2O3, Ni(NO3)2.6H2O, Gd2O3, Tb2O3 and Ho2O3 raw materials. The synthesized nanomaterials were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) technique. The rietveld analyses showed that the obtained materials were crystallized well in monoclinic crystal structure with the ...

A method is evaluated for estimating the absorption coefficient a and the backscattering coefficient b(b) from measurements of the upward and downward irradiances E(u)(z) and E(d)(z). With this method, the reflectance ratio R(z) and the downward diffuse attenuation coefficient K(d)(z) obtained from E(u)(z) and E(d)(z) are used to estimate the inherent optical properties R(infinity) and K(infini...