Agent-oriented software engineering (AOSE) is a promising approach to developing applications for dynamic open systems. If well developed, these applications can be opportunistic, taking advantage of services implemented by other developers at appropriate times. However, methodologies are needed to aid the development of systems that are both flexible enough to be opportunistic and tightly defi...

Leishmaniasis represents a complex, globally widespread opportunistic infection ranging from the visceral form, also called kala-azar, to the mucocutaneous and cutaneous disease. It is endemic in the Mediterranian Basin, Leishmania infantum being demonstrated as the main causative agent of autochthonous cases in Sicily, Italy. The long-term use of systemic antipsoriatic agents, including biotec...

polyomaviruses may cause human disease, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. jcv, one of the members of polyomaviridae family, is the causative agent of the neurological disease progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml), which occurs mostly in immunocompromised patients. progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (pml) is a progressive demyelinating disorder of the central nervous sy...

The effects of multiple opportunistic infection medications on stavudine pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Ten patients with CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/mm3 received stavudine (40 mg twice daily) in combination with one to three other drugs used to treat opportunistic infections. Serial blood samples for stavudine concentrations were collected after 1 week of therapy on each regimen and as...

background: hiv/aids patients are mainly hospitalized for hiv-related diseases and opportunistic infections. thisstudy was performed todetermine thecauses ofhospitalization and its related factors in hiv/aids patients in tehran’s imam khomeini hospital during 2009-2012. methods: thisstudy wasa descriptive cross-sectionalstudy . hiv patients admitted to the imam khomeini hospital were included i...

Power in Afghanistan can be explained by the notion of the qawm. Qawms denote opportunistic solidarity networks in Afghanistan. We computationally grow qawms by means of agent-based social simulation informed by real actor behaviour. Emerging from our simulation are social networks which bear important structural and functional resemblance with their target system when subsequently compared wit...

The adoption of the Fifth Generation (5G) and beyond 5G networks is driving demand for learning approaches that enable users to co-exist harmoniously in a multi-user distributed environment. Although resource-constrained, Cognitive Radio (CR) has been identified as key enabler due its cognitive abilities ability access idle spectrum opportunistically. Reinforcement well suited meet because it d...

The problem of opportunistic spectrum access in cognitive radio networks (CRNs) is considered in this paper. Especially, we discuss designing distributed learning protocols for non-cooperative secondary users (SUs) to efficiently utilize the spectrum opportunities. It is well known that the SUs’ selfish behaviors will result in a network collapse. Each SU is thus enabled to form conjectures ove...

During a ten month period, 117 fibreoptic bronchoscopies and bronchoalveolar lavages (BAL) were performed in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients suspected of having opportunistic pulmonary infections. The BAL were classified into 3 groups, according to clinical manifestations related to HIV infection at the time of fibreoptic bronchoscopy: pre-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome...

Juvenile seawater-reared chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha at a hatchery on Baranoff Island, Alaska, USA, sustained chronic mortality associated with anemia and mixed infections by various obligate and opportunistic pathogens including a cytoplasmic erythrocytic virus resembling the agent of erythrocytic inclusion body syndrome (EIBS). This is the first case report of EIBS in Alaska and i...