Nonlinear AC Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problems are commonly approximated by linearized DC OPF problems to obtain real power solutions for restructured wholesale power markets. We first present a standard DC OPF problem, which has the numerically desirable form of a strictly convex quadratic programming (SCQP) problem when voltage angles are eliminated by substitution. We next augment this stand...

` i ABSTRACT The distribution grid is expected to change in the near future as a result of recent advancements in the field of smart grids. The future grid will accommodate generation and storage options, active consumer participation through demand response schemes, and the widespread installation of smart energy management systems. With more demand side participation, distributed generators, ...

In the current study, oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF)-based hydrogels were tested for the first time as injectable bone substitute materials. The primary feature of the material design was the incorporation of calcium phosphate (CaP) nanoparticles within the polymeric matrix in order to compare the soft tissue response and bone-forming capacity of plain OPF hydrogels with CaP-enrich...

This paper describes an open-flower mutant, designated opf, that we discovered in a genetic screen of fast neutron bombardment mutants in an attempt at floral-dip transformation of Melilotus alba (Fabaceae; white sweetclover), an alternative papilionoid legume host for Sinorhizobium meliloti. The opf mutant developed flowers with reflexed sepals and petals, thereby exposing the stamens and carp...

This paper presents the practical implementation of Phase-Shifting Transformer (PST) model into an Optimal Power Flow (OPF) problem by using the Matlab optimization toolbox. The complexity degree related to the proposed implementation is equivalent to that required by commercial optimization packages for solving optimization models, but with the advantage that Matlab is commonly the available s...

This paper presents the integration of the Voltage Source Converted-High Voltage Direct Current model| (VSCHVDC) into a conventional Optimal Power Flow (OPF) formulation. The assembled VSC-HVDC-OPF model is computationally implemented and solved by using the Matlab ® optimization toolbox. In this sense, the development complexity degree of the proposed implementation is equivalent to that requi...

This paper presents a method in expansion planning of transmission systems using the AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF). The AC-OPF provides a more accurate picture of power flow in the network compared to the DC optimal power flow (DC-OPF) that is usually considered in the literature for transmission expansion planning (TEP). While the AC-OPF-based TEP is a mixed-integer nonlinear programming prob...

This paper introduces the severity of load (SOL) index technique for finding the optimal location of facts devices to achieve the optimal power flow. Objective function in the OPF, that is to be minimised, are overall cost functions which includes the total active power generation cost function. Among various controllers TCPST is considered and optimal location facts device is determined for im...

As part of an extensive research programme to combine the benefits of method engineering and existing object-oriented frameworks (notably the OPF) to create a highly supportive methodological environment for the construction of agent-oriented information systems, we have analysed-hess; contributions to the OPF repository of process components from the Prornertrcus ··agent-mienred methodology. W...

FOREWORD Optimal power flow (OPF) calculations are increasingly critical to modern power systems operationcontrol, markets and planning. However, it is still not easy to obtain reliable OPF solutions that are fully usable in practical power systems engineering. Better methods and software are continually being pursued. This paper discusses some of the calculation and solution requirements from ...