The thesis of methodological individualism in social science is commonly divided into two different claims – explanatory individualism and ontological individualism. Ontological individualism is the thesis that facts about individuals exhaustively determine social facts. Initially taken to be a claim about the identity of groups with sets of individuals or their properties, ontological individu...

Common conceptual metaphors are used in poetry, as part of the metaphor theory, that enables poets to express their poetic images and depict world through a mixture language cultural codes. This study is an attempt show how illustrated Kurdish poems by analysing source target domains. According domain which emerges from domain, generally our common knowledge world. leads speakers listeners easi...

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in approaches that employ foundational ontologies as theoretical tools for analyzing and improving conceptual modeling languages. However, some of these approaches do not always make explicit their ontological commitments. This leads to situations where criticisms resulting from the specific ontological choices made by a particular approach are...

Within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics both metonymy and metaphor are seen as pervasive phenomena in thought and language. They are, however, different conceptualizations of experience. Metaphorization, such as ‘Love is a journey’, involves the mapping between a source and a target in different ontological domains. Metaphorization is based on a relation of configurational sameness (PATH)...

Ontological pluralism is the view that there are different ways of being. Historically, being aligned with ontological categories. This paper about to investigate why such a connection, and how it should be understood. suffers from an objection, according which collapses into monism, i.e., only one way be. Admitting categories can save this objection if ground

sa'adi shirazi, as one of the greatest persian poets, was also fluent in arabic language. despite his fluency in arabic, he has few poems in this language; however these few poems show his high position among iranian poets who composed in arabic. metaphor as an important rhetoric figure would be analyzed in sa’adi’s poems to show how much the manner of metaphor use, both in terms of form o...

Introduction: Cognitive linguists believe that metaphor is a cognitive phenomenon, and that what appears in language is just the aspect of cognitive phenomenon Metaphor is one of the basic interdisciplinary concepts that has been paid more attention to its fundamental role in various aspects of psychology, medicine, including cancer in recent years. Methods:. From the point of view of cognitiv...

the purpose of this research is to examine the effect of the islamic awakening in the arabic countries of the middle east and north africa on israeli ontological security and, it's strategy ofclosure and deviationin the regional level. in other words, after occurrence of the developments, the ontological security and identity of israel faced with what challenges? this research argues that ...

there have been two custom views on the relation of metaphor and philosophy.some philosophers (esp.analytical philosophers)take metaphor dispensable,and tend to philosophical texts without metaphor,constituted on proper usage of words. others take metaphor indispensable as the foundation of philosophical concepts.this attitude usually implies reducing philosophy to mythological discourse and in...

AIM Originating from unfunded research undertaken in 2007, this paper offers an overview of Colaizzi's method of phenomenological analysis and proposes an extension to the original seven step approach enhancing rigour and, expanding information sources to enhance in-depth descriptions of phenomena for study. BACKGROUND The focus on human experience emanates from the human sciences in which th...