The incidence of human infections caused by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli, the main bacterial agents of gastrointestinal disease, has been increasing worldwide. Here, we review the role of poultry as a source and reservoir for Campylobacter. Contamination and subsequent colonization of broiler flocks at the farm level often lead to transmission of Campylobacter along the poultry p...

BACKGROUND Campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic disease, and animals such as poultry, pigs and cattle may act as reservoirs for Campylobacter spp. Cattle shed Campylobacter spp. into the environment and they can act as a reservoir for human infection directly via contact with cattle or their faeces or indirectly by consumption of contaminated food. The aim of this study was to determine the prevale...

The potential use of shade covers to reduce evaporation from agricultural reservoirs motivated this study on the effect of black polyethylene shade on the evaporation rate from a small water body (Class-A pan) and of its driving variables. Evaporation was measured hourly in two pans during the summer in Cartagena (Spain), along with the measurements of air temperature and humidity, water temper...

Escherichia coli is a normal inhabitant of the gastrointestinal tract of all warm-blooded animals, but variants of this species is also among the important etiological agents of enteritis and several extraintestinal diseases. The E. coli strains that cause diarrhoeal illness are categorised into pathogenicity groups based on virulence properties, mechanisms of pathogenicity, clinical symptoms a...

Well testing is of great importance in petroleum engineering, to have a kind of firsthand knowledge and estimating formation permeability, wellbore damage/ skin, etc. These parameters are further required to estimate production rate from a well and at the same time gives an idea of its productivity. These reservoir related parameters calculation is strongly dependent on formation thickness. Any...

BACKGROUND Lymphocystis disease (LCD) is the main viral infection reported to affect cultured gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) in Europe. The existence of subclinical Lymphocystis disease virus (LCDV) infection in this fish species has been recognised by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods. Nevertheless, these methods do not provide quantitative results that can be useful in ep...

Field experiments were conducted during the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons to investigate the effect of farmyard manure and weeding regimes on the growth and yield of okra. The study was a factorial experiment laid out in split plot design, replicated three times. Farm yard manure was assigned as main plot treatments, while weeding regimes was assigned as sub plot treatments. Parameters measure...

The stable latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4 T cells is a major barrier to curing HIV-1/AIDS. Studies on HIV-1 latency focused on regulation and reactivation of viral gene expression in the cells in which viral latent infection is already established. However, it is not well understood how virus becomes latent. In this study, we found that in a subset of memory precursor CD4 T ce...

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the major legume crops grown in Pakistan having a considerable importance as a food, feed and fodder but due to imbalanced use of fertilizers its production is low. To find the optimum level of Phosphorus and FYM for chickpea and study their effect on agronomic characteristics an experiment was carried out at the Agricultural Research Farm of NWFP Agricul...

Development of new reservoirs are utmost important for their utilization of providing water for irrigation, hydropower and flood damages reduction etc. In-addition to constructing new reservoirs, the efficient and sustainable use of existing reservoirs is also important for rapid economic growth of world. Pakistan is blessed with rich surface water resources of 180 Billion m3 annualy. However, ...