Executive summary 1 Introduction 4 Note: abbreviations and technical notes 6 Have academies replaced 'underperforming' schools? 7 Have academies led to higher academic standards? 8 Have academies made greater use of alternative qualifications? 10 How well do disadvantaged pupils achieve in academies? 13 Do major sponsors contribute to school improvement and higher standards? 17 Does academy sta...

Background: In Ayurveda, single or multiple herbs mixed in a particular proportion are used for the treatment of different diseases. Caturjata Curna (CC) is popular Ayurvedic medicine with therapeutic application tastelessness, diseases due to vitiated Kapha, poisoning and discoloration. The present study an attempt standardize polyherbal CC. Methods: CC was prepared by mixing equal ingredients...

The unique contribution of international studies allows an examination of educational structure, curriculum, and policy frameworks from various countries and how these are related to cross national achievement differences. Measures of both the intended curriculum (derived from country standards and textbooks) and the implemented curriculum (derived from teacher questionnaires) were collected in...

In 2011, the Medical Curriculum Committee appointed a new working group to revise the standards to reflect national trends and recent developments in medical education. In the process, we retitled our competency-based curriculum The Nine Abilities. A major goal of the revision was to clarify the domains of our curriculum that focus on patient-centered care, advocacy, and professional developmen...

In June of 2010, the Common Core State Standards in Mathematics (CCSSM) were introduced in the U.S. Long before the advent of the CCSSM, American schools had a de facto national mathematics curriculum, namely, the curriculum dictated by school mathematics textbooks. While there are some formal differences among these books, the underlying mathematics is quite similar throughout. The resulting c...