Sodium current and intramembrane gating charge movement (Q) were monitored in voltage-clamped frog node of Ranvier after modification of all sodium channels by batrachotoxin (BTX). Sodium current activation followed a single-exponential time course, provided a delay was interposed between the onset of the step ON depolarization and that of the current change. The delay decreased with increased ...

One of the important problems in reducing of pollutant emission from DI and IDI diesel engines is trade-off  between soot and NOx. Split injection is one of the most powerful tools that makes the chance to shift the trade-off curve closer to origin.  At the present work, the effect of split injection on the combustion process and emissions of a cylinder IDI diesel engine under the specification...

Application of AFP (adiabatic fast passage) pulses for removal of systematic errors associated with multiple spin-echo sequences is demonstrated. The adiabatic fast passage pulses facilitate minimization of cumulative pulse errors for all three components of magnetization. It is also shown that off-resonance effects present in conventional CPMG sequences which degrade image quality in magnetic ...

high harmonic generation is a useful tool for the generation of short, intense attosecond pulses. In order to simulate high harmonic generation, we performed a numerical solution to the time dependent Schrödinger equation. by considering dipole approximation, we predicted generation of a 53 attosecond pulse. In order to see the time and frequency of emission of attosecond pulse, we exploit...

The translation of Digital products applicable to military application has been affected by the DoD's need for lower cost products. Products developed for military application must retain robust mechanical characteristics; however, each product may be tailored to meet government specifications such as mean time between failure and temperature range. Design changes for military use have had a be...

In a previous paper Low91] we presented two new models of timed CSP. The rst model included biased operators in the syntax, which could be used to model diierent priorities on actions. The second model extended this by adding a probabilistic choice operator to the syntax; this allowed us to give a semantics which modelled the probabilities of diierent behaviours occurring. In Low92b] we present...

In order to create more comfortable and energy saving living spaces, we have to investigate what is comfortable and how to measure comfort of users in a living space. Some measures of thermal comfort have been defined as Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage Dissatisfied (PPD) as an international standard. However, complex and high cost equipments are required to measure PMV by con...

Recent findings in the domain of combining classifiers provide a surprising revision of the usefulness of diversity for modelling combined performance. Although there is a common agreement that a successful fusion system should be composed of accurate and diverse classifiers, experimental results show very weak correlations between various diversity measures and combining methods. Effectively n...

Article history: Received 24 January 2009 Accepted 19 July 2010 Available online 27 July 2010