background: one of the methods used for standard setting is the borderline regression method (brm). this study aims to assess the reliability of brm when the pass-fail standard in an objective structured clinical examination (osce) was calculated by averaging the brm standards obtained for each station separately. materials and methods: in nine stations of the osce with direct observation the e...

PURPOSE To evaluate the mutual inter-relationship of mitotic indices, argyrophilic nuclear organizer regions (AgNOR) count, Ki-67 and B-cell lymphoma 2 protein (bcl-2) in papillary urothelial bladder cancer (pUBC), and their correlation with grade and stage. To establish the cut-off values of these markers to detect high grade and muscle invasive bladder cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifty-fo...

Background Radiolabeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has proven to be a highly accurate method to detect recurrence and metastases of prostate cancer, but only sparse data is available about its performance in the diagnosis of clinically significant primary prostate cancer. Methods We compared 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in 25 patients with 18FEC PET/CT in 40 patients with suspected pros...

Many studies in cognitive psychology have shown stronger learning benefits from short-answer questions than multiplechoice questions in student practices. However, multiple-choice is still, by far, the most popular form of assessment questions due to ease of grading. A hybrid method, in which students must first provide a short-answer response and then select from a list of multiplechoice optio...

cumin (cuminum cyminum) is an annual suitable for the dry and semi-dry areas of iran. recently, farmers have chosen to plant cumin because it requires less water and growth time. however, at harvest time, the resistance of cumin seed to shatter is low and, if careful attention is not paid to this fact, a major portion of the crop can be lost. when the connection force of the seed decreases, see...

OBJECTIVE We analyzed the angiographic changes of the anastomotic sites at three time points for 5 years after off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. METHODS Of the 402 patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery between January 1998 and December 2001, 240 patients who received the early, 1-year, and 5-year follow-up coronary angiograms regardless of the patient's anginal...

Of 586 employed patients with a whiplash injury 40 (7%) did not return to work. The risk was increased by three times in heavy manual workers, two and a half times in patients with prior psychological symptoms and doubled for each increase of grade of disability. The length of time off work doubled in patients with a psychological history and trebled for each increase in grade of disability. Th...