In an earlier investigation it was shown that enzymatic oxidation of octanoate occurred in saline suspensions of washed particulate matter separated from saline homogenates of rat liver by centrifugation, when these were supplemented with adenosine triphosphate and Mg++.l These preparations also catalyze the reactions of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle. Further study of the properties of the...

Published studies have reported significant selection with respect to the G6pd locus for Drosophila melanogaster reared on Na-octanoate food. We have reexamined the selective effects of Na-octanoate on egg to adult viability with respect to the G6pd polymorphism using specially constructed X chromosomes. Four experiments were carried out using different 6Pgd backgrounds in two recombinant sets ...

Mycobacteria synthesize unique intracellular methylglucose lipopolysaccharides (MGLP) proposed to modulate fatty acid metabolism. In addition to the partial esterification of glucose or methylglucose units with short-chain fatty acids, octanoate was invariably detected on the MGLP reducing end. We have identified a novel sugar octanoyltransferase (OctT) that efficiently transfers octanoate to g...

We conducted a double-blind, randomized controlled trial to compare a long-acting neuraminidase inhibitor, laninamivir octanoate, with oseltamivir. Eligible patients were children 9 years of age and under who had febrile influenza symptoms of no more than 36-h duration. Patients were randomized to 1 of 3 treatment groups: a group given 40 mg laninamivir (40-mg group), a group given 20 mg lanina...

Cultures of Tetrahymena pyriformis were incubated for 1 hour with a mixture of acetate, pyruvate, and pentanoate with only one substrate labeled at a time and with the position of the label chosen so that [1-14-C]acetyl coenzyme A was an early product of the metabolism of each substrate. The appearance of label in CO2, lipids, glycogen, glutamate, and alanine were measured and results interpret...

Accelerated glycolysis in hypertrophied hearts may be a compensatory response to reduced energy production from long-chain fatty acid oxidation with 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) functioning as a cellular signal. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that enhanced fatty acid oxidation improves energy status and normalizes AMPK activity and glycolysis in hypertrophied hearts. Glycolysis, ...

We previously showed that a fraction of the acetyls used to synthesize malonyl-CoA in rat heart derives from partial peroxisomal oxidation of very long and long-chain fatty acids. The 13C labeling ratio (malonyl-CoA)/(acetyl moiety of citrate) was >1.0 with 13C-fatty acids, which yields [13C]acetyl-CoA in both mitochondria and peroxisomes and < 1.0 with substrates, which yields [13C]acetyl-CoA ...

Limited pepsin digestion of human plasma albumin at pH 3.5 and 0 degrees in the presence of octanoate caused cleavage at residue 307 of the albumin molecule to yield two fragments. Thw two fragments corresponding to the NH2- and the COOH-terminal halves of the molecule were isolated in yields of about 15%. The COOH-terminal fragment is a mixture in which about 85% of the molecules had an additi...

We investigated the interrelations between C(4) ketogenesis (production of beta-hydroxybutyrate + acetoacetate), C(5) ketogenesis (production of beta-hydroxypentanoate + beta-ketopentanoate), and anaplerosis in isolated rat livers perfused with (13)C-labeled octanoate, heptanoate, or propionate. Mass isotopomer analysis of C(4) and C(5) ketone bodies and of related acyl-CoA esters reveal that C...

We tested the hypothesis that myocardial substrate supply regulates fatty acid oxidation independent of changes in acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activities. Fatty acid oxidation was measured in isolated working rat hearts exposed to different concentrations of exogenous long-chain (0.4 or 1.2 mM palmitate) or medium-chain (0.6 or 2.4 mM octanoate) fatty...