this experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of adaptation period to oak leave's tannin on rumen ph and ammonia, rumen microbial population, gas production and dry matter true digestibility (ivtdmd) in alamout goat’s rumen (with no previous history of oak leaf consumption) compared with markhoz goat (with previous history of oak leaf consumption). the goats were fed either oak...

Acute Oak Decline (AOD) is a decline-disease that has distinctive symptoms and poses serious threat to oak. Our understanding of the causal factors AOD remains poor but it likely multiple biotic abiotic contribute deterioration in oak condition. There evidence indications above-ground tree health status are frequently reflected below-ground roots associated ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal communit...

Managers are often concerned about oak mortality in maturing mixed-oak forests, but they often lack explicit information about mortality risk for oaks that differ in species, size, crown class, competitive status, and growth rate. In eastern North America, tree species in the red oak group (Quercus Section Lobatae) are typically shorter lived than those in the white oak group (Section Quercus),...

With the reemerging discussion of gentrification in the urban landscape, an exploratory case study of the Oak Park Redevelopment Plan in Sacramento, California, was conducted to better understand the community’s gentrifying characteristics and the implications once the redevelopment goals are met. In addition, a conceptual framework (CF) was formulated in order to examine the components and pro...

The Survey of Affecting Factors on Tendency to Participation Local People in the Restoration Oak Forests Involved with Decline Ilam Province