A total of 514 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from diarrheic and healthy cattle in Spain were characterized in this study. PCR showed that 101 (20%) isolates carried stx(1) genes, 278 (54%) possessed stx(2) genes, and 135 (26%) possessed both stx(1) and stx(2). Enterohemolysin (ehxA) and intimin (eae) virulence genes were detected in 326 (63%) and in 151 (29%) of the iso...

In vitro runoff transcription using T7 RNA polymerase has been the method of choice to produce milligram quantities of RNA for structural studies+ Unfortunately, the T7 enzyme often adds one or more extra nucleotides at the 39 end, which results in a heterogeneous RNA product (Milligan et al+, 1987)+ This heterogeneity can be observed at the 59 end as well, depending on the transcription templa...

a r t i c l e i n f o JEL classification: C33 G10 O49 Q43 Keywords: Oil prices Stock market depth Economic growth Other macroeconomic variables Panel VAR Granger causality G-20 countries This paper examines the linkages between economic growth, oil prices, depth in the stock market, and three other key macroeconomic indicators: real effective exchange rate, inflation rate, and real rate of inte...

Previous investigations have used C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate the similarities between lipoproteins and the mobile lipids of atheroma. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that "CNMR changes are related to indices of histological severity. We classified 20 human arteries according to their obstruction ratio (OR), defined as the ratio of the plaque area to t...

Previous investigations have used C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to demonstrate the similarities between lipoproteins and the mobile lipids of atheroma. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that "CNMR changes are related to indices of histological severity. We classified 20 human arteries according to their obstruction ratio (OR), defined as the ratio of the plaque area to t...

Attaching and effacing Escherichia coli (AEEC) strains cause histopathological alterations termed “attaching and effacing (A/E) lesions” (8). The ability to cause A/E lesions is encoded on a large bacterial chromosomal pathogenicity island, the locus of enterocyte effacement (LEE). The central portion of LEE encodes intimin (Eae, 94to 97-kDa outer membrane protein) and Tir, the intimin receptor...