Introduction Technology now allows up to 96-hour wireless pH-recording in clinical practice; however, no normal values exist for this methodology. This study acquired esophageal pH recordings healthy controls (HC) and compared these against measurements patients with endoscopic evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Results were used validate the Lyon Consensus Classificat...

This paper examines the determinants of commercialization strategy for start-up innovators. We examine whether the returns on innovation are earned through product market competition as opposed to cooperation with more established firms (either through licensing, strategic alliances or outright acquisition). Our key hypotheses are that the relative returns to cooperation are increasing in (a) t...

Innovation is becoming more and more important as a driver of economic growth. In developed countries, a diverse set of innovation indicators has been developed to monitor innovation performance and the impact of innovation policies. Developing countries have been late to jump on this bandwagon and are now faced with a set of well‐established innovation indicators that might not be that well su...

We develop a theory of control rights in the context of licensing interim innovative knowledge for further development, which is consistent with the inalienability of initial innovator’s intellectual property rights (IPR). Control rights of a downstream development unit, a buyer of the interim innovation, arise from his ability to prevent the upstream research unit from forming …nancial coaliti...

The impact of ICT (information and communication technology) on economic performance has been the subject of academic research for several decades, and despite the remarkable and significant innovation in computer technology, usage, and investments, only a small growth in productivity was observed. This observations has been coined the productivity paradox. Usingmeta-analysis, my paper answers ...

We compare the investment activities and sources of finance of venture capital (VC) funds in Germany, Israel, Japan and the United Kingdom. VC investments differ across countries in terms of their stage, sector and geographical focus. Sources of VC funds also differ across countries; for example, banks are particularly important in Germany and Japan, corporations in Israel, and pension funds in...

This paper builds a two-country (North, South), two-sector (polluting, nonpolluting) trade model with directed technical change, examining whether unilateral environmental policies can ensure sustainable growth. The polluting good is produced with a clean and a dirty input. A temporary Northern policy combining clean research subsidies and a trade tax can ensure sustainable growth but Northern ...

Despite a wealth of research on university incubators, science parks, and other attempts at commercialization, there is little consensus on the effectiveness of university-sponsored commercial innovation. We analyze the impact of incubators and other types of facilitators on the quality of innovations produced by US research-intensive academic institutions from 1969 to 2012. Using forward paten...

The title compound, C7H14N2Si, crystallizes in a tetra-gonal space group and exists as an N-H⋯N hydrogen-bonded tetra-mer, formed around the crystallographic fourfold rotoinversion axis. The mol-ecular identity is clearly the 5-tri-methyl-silyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole tautomer and the structure is isomorphous with that of 5-tert-butyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole [Foces-Foces & Trofimenko (2001 ▶). Acta C...