OBJECTIVE to determine the prevalence of mouth breathing and to associate the history of breastfeeding with breathing patterns in children. METHODS this was an observational study with 252 children of both genders, aged 30 to 48 months, who participated in a dental care program for mothers and newborns. As an instrument of data collection, a semi-structured questionnaire was administered to t...

In utero exposure to opiates may affect autonomic functioning of the fetus and newborn. We investigated heart rate variability (HRV) as a measure of autonomic stability in prenatal opiate-exposed neonates (n = 14) and in control term infants (n = 10). Electrocardiographic data during both non-nutritive and nutritive sucking were evaluated for RR intervals, heart rate (HR), standard deviation of...

Animals can detect and consume nutritive sugars without the influence of taste. However, the identity of the taste-independent nutrient sensor and the mechanism by which animals respond to the nutritional value of sugar are unclear. Here, we report that six neurosecretory cells in the Drosophila brain that produce Diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44), a homolog of the mammalian corticotropin-releasing ho...

BACKGROUND The sucking development pattern of the preterm newborn (PTNB) in the neonatal period is important for an effective sucking and oral motor development. The establishment of a safe and efficient feeding in pre-term newborns is related to a rhythmic and coordinated sucking. Nonnutritive sucking stimulation can have an influence on the development of sucking and the development of suckin...

Glucose tolerance and body composition were determined in male rats given non-nutritive sweeteners (NNS) (aspartame or sucralose) in drinking water. Areas under the curve for glucose and insulin with NNS did not differ from control. NNS treatment had no effect on weight gain or percent body fat. Epididymal fat pad mass was higher with aspartame and the ratio of trunk to total fat was less with ...

AIM To determine whether NTrainer patterned orocutaneous therapy affects preterm infants' non-nutritive suck and/or oral feeding success. SUBJECTS Thirty-one preterm infants (mean gestational age 29.3 weeks) who demonstrated minimal non-nutritive suck output and delayed transition to oral feeds at 34 weeks post-menstrual age. INTERVENTION NTrainer treatment was provided to 21 infants. The N...

Grapes and grape-derived products have worldwide importance due to its consumption by human, however, they may also be used for ruminant feeding when their price or quality is low. The objectives of current study were to determine the nutritive value, in terms of chemical composition, in vitro rumen gas production kinetics and predicted nutrient supply, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic ...

melanogaster show a preference for nutritive sugars (which can be metabolized) over non-nutritive sugars (which offer no nutritive benefit) independently of taste; however, the mechanisms that mediate this preference are unknown. In a recent study, Suh and colleagues show that, in D. melanogaster, neurons expressing Diuretic hormone 44 (Dh44; a homologue of mammalian corticotropin-releasing hor...

The relationship between reinforcement properties of different kinds of nutritive rewards has a long history in psychology. Recent investigations have begun to assess the effect or reinforcement value of non-nutritive rewards such as social and non-social stimuli presented by way of video presentations or slides. In short, whether social stimuli can substitute or be as effective in maintaining ...

Aim: This study assessed the prevalence of non-nutritive sucking habits and its association with breastfeeding duration and sociodemographic characteristics in 140 children (1 to 3 years of age) attending health and treatment centers in the city of Yazd, Iran. Methods: The sample divided into 2 groups of having NNS (non nutritive sucking) habit and not having NNS habit. The data were collected ...