Environmental exposures to essential and toxic elements may alter health trajectories, depending on the timing, intensity, and mixture of exposures. In epidemiologic studies, these factors are typically analyzed as a function of elemental concentrations in biological matrices measured at one or more points in time. Such an approach, however, fails to account for the temporal cyclicity in the me...

Bioremediation has shown its applicability for removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from soil and sediments. In the present study, the effect of biostimulation on phenanthrene removal from contaminated soil via adding macro and/or micronutrients and trace elements was investigated. For these purposes three macro nutrients (as N, P and K), eight micronutrients (as Mg, S, Fe, Cl, Zn...

Changes in the concentrations of B, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Sr and Zn in the liquid phase in sheep rumen were determined to obtain information on their rate of disappearance from the soluble pool after feeding. Sheep were fed alfalfa (Medicago sativa) hay hourly. The concentration of infused Cr(III)-EDTA into the rumen (over a period of 4 d) was used to establish steady-state conditions, a...

summer pruning and calcium spray could improve kiwifruits quality. in this study, effect of summer pruning in two times, 2 and 15 days after petal fall alone or in combination with %1 calcium chloride spray on fruit quality and mineral elements contents of ‘hayward’ kiwifruit was investigated. calcium sprayed four times 90 days after petal fall with 15 days intervals. the results showed that su...

Nutrients are elements or compounds that are essential for the growth and survival of plants. Plants require large amounts of nutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), carbon (C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg), but only small amounts of others such as boron (B), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and chlorine (Cl) (micronutrients)...