During the taxonomic revision of the Turkish Dianthus species, specimens collected from Bilecik, Seben (Bolu), and Nallıhan (Ankara) were discovered that represent a new species. Its description, images, chorology, ecology, and threat category are provided. It was compared with a closely related species, Dianthuszonatus, and differences are based on its general morphology and seed micromorphology.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Molecular evidence indicates that the Neotropical sub-tribe Zygopetalinae is sister to Maxillariinae. Most members of the latter sub-tribe have deceit pollination strategies, but some species produce rewards such as nectar, pseudopollen, resin and wax, and are pollinated by a range of pollinators that include stingless bees (Meliponini), wasps and hummingbirds. By contrast, ...

HYPOTHESIS To investigate the intracochlear micromorphology with regard to frequent patterns of cochlear electrode insertion trauma. OBJECTIVE Cochlear implantation is a widely accepted treatment for deafness and high-grade sensorineural hearing loss. Although the device and the implantation methods are continuously optimized, damage of intracochlear structures due to electrode insertion is a...