The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a ribonucleoprotein composed of an Alu domain and an S domain. The S domain contains unique sequence SRP RNA and four SRP proteins: SRP19, SRP54, SRP68, and SRP72. SRP interacts with ribosomes to bring translating membrane and secreted proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) for proper processing. Additionally, SRP RNA is a member of a family of small...

The nucleolus and Cajal bodies (CBs) are prominent interacting subnuclear domains involved in a number of crucial aspects of cell function. Certain viruses interact with these compartments but the functions of such interactions are largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that the ability of the groundnut rosette virus open reading frame (ORF) 3 protein to move viral RNA long distances through th...

The structure of nuclei of Astasia longa in synchronized cultures was examined at the light- and electron-microscope levels. Three types of nuclei, differing mainly in chromatin conformation, were observed during interphase and were tentatively classed in the G1, S and G2-periods. The fibrillar nucleolar regions exhibited a most complex organization and appeared to consist of convoluted, coarse...

The oocyte (maternal) nucleolus is essential for early embryonic development and embryos originating from enucleolated oocytes arrest at the 2-cell stage. The reason for this is unclear. Surprisingly, RNA polymerase I activity in nucleolus-less mouse embryos, as manifested by pre-rRNA synthesis, and pre-rRNA processing are not affected, indicating an unusual role of the nucleolus. We report her...

The nucleolus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a crescent-shaped structure that makes extensive contact with the nuclear envelope. In different chromosomal rDNA deletion mutants that we have analyzed, the nucleolus is not organized into a crescent structure, as determined by immunofluorescence microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and electron microscopy. A strain carrying a plasmid wit...

An image analyser was used to measure the area of the nucleolus and its component parts in columnar cells at six levels of the jejunal epithelium, corresponding to stages in cell migration from crypt base to villus top. In columnar cells of crypt base, which function as stem cells for the epithelium, the nucleolus is large (3.1 micron2), irregular and reticulated. As cells migrate up the crypt,...

Game theory based energy sharing schemes emerged in recent years to incentivize efficient management of the increasing amount distributed resources. Among these, cooperative game theoretic provide detailed financial incentives on individual prosumer level. The nucleolus, a mechanism allocate these incentives, has been proven guarantee prosumers' willingness participate. However, computation tim...

The disappearance of nucleolus has been traced in the rat erythroid cells in relation with the cell specialization under varying conditions, i. e. in anemia with or without treatment by bromouracil and aminopterin. To make the findings more reliable the observations have been made on tissue section as well as on the smeared samples as the nucleolus becomes often indistinct in smeared cell. The ...

Coronavirus nucleoproteins (N proteins) localize to the cytoplasm and the nucleolus, a subnuclear structure, in both virus-infected primary cells and in cells transfected with plasmids that express N protein. The nucleolus is the site of ribosome biogenesis and sequesters cell cycle regulatory complexes. Two of the major components of the nucleolus are fibrillarin and nucleolin. These proteins ...

The role of the nucleolus in the transfer of RNA from nucleus to cytoplasm was examined by means of experiments in which inactivation of the whole nucleus, or of the nucleolus, was achieved by a microbeam of ultraviolet light. In heterokaryons in which a chick erythrocyte nucleus had been reactivated, no detectable amount of RNA was transferred from the reactivated nucleus to the cytoplasm of t...