The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by Hans M. Kristensen, director of the Information Project with Federation American Scientists, Matt Korda, a senior research associate project. column has been published in Bulletin Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue’s examines Russia’s nuclear arsenal, which includes stockpile approximately 4,477 warheads. Of these, about 1,588 strategic wa...

In what case do you like reading so much? What about the type of the elements of controversy the atomic energy commission and radiation safety in nuclear weapons testing 1947 1974 book? The needs to read? Well, everybody has their own reason why should read some books. Mostly, it will relate to their necessity to get knowledge from the book and want to read just to get entertainment. Novels, st...

The Nuclear Notebook is researched and written by the staff of Federation American Scientists’ Information Project: Director Hans M. Kristensen, Senior Research Associate Project Manager Matt Korda, Eliana Reynolds. column has been published in Bulletin Atomic Scientists since 1987. This issue’s examines Russia’s nuclear arsenal, which includes a stockpile approximately 4,489 warheads. Of these...

The nature of both strategic and tactical nuclear weapons and their role as instruments of deterrence require that certain details be revealed to potential adversaries and others shrouded in the greatest degree of secrecy possible. Russian tactical nuclear weapons (TNW) policy is at the very extreme of the ambiguity part of the spectrum, which has put into question whether Russia has a TNW poli...

Among the states that possess nuclear weapons, the United Kingdom is now regarded as one of the least problematic. Long established and recognized as a nuclear weapon state (NWS) under the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT), it has a stable democracy, competent administrative system, disciplined military forces, and a cooperative approach to international security. It is a...

Most empirical studies of the effects of nuclear weapons treat these weapons as a binary variable, but there are strong reasons to think that the effects of a state’s nuclear arsenal are conditioned by that state’s policies. I argue that the effect of nuclear weapons in non-existential disputes is determined by what I call nuclear risk: the overall likelihood that these weapons may be used with...

Nuclear weapons have been a cornerstone of U.S. national security since they were developed during World War II. In the Cold War, nuclear forces were central to U.S. defense policy, resulting in the buildup of a large arsenal. Since that time, nuclear forces have figured less prominently than conventional forces, and the United States has not built any new nuclear weapons or delivery systems fo...

Together, the world’s eight acknowledged nuclear powers—the United States (US), Russia, United Kingdom (UK), France, China, India, Pakistan, and the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)—have amassed an arsenal of almost 30,000 nuclear weapons since 1945. In addition, Israel is believed to be a nuclear power while Iran (and possibly Syria as well) is also suspected of developing n...

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NATO BATTLEFIELD STRATEGY FOR THE CONVENTIONAL DEFENSE OF CENTRAL EUROPE Patrick Joseph Geary Master of Arts in Political Science University of Richmond 1987 Dr. Arthur B. Gunlicks Thesis Director Although we live in a time in which strategies using nuclear weapons dominate the attention of most defense analysts, there are reasons why more attention should be paid to conventional defense strate...