Model checking invariant properties of designs, represented as transition systems, with non-linear real arithmetic (NRA) is an important though very hard problem. On the one hand NRA is a hard-to-solve theory; on the other hand most of the powerful model checking techniques lack support for NRA. In this paper, we present a work-in-progress counterexampleguided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) app...

We have evaluated two simple, rapid and low-cost colorimetric methods for the detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. A total of 151 M. tuberculosis strains were tested for resistance to rifampicin (RMP) and isoniazid by resazurin microplate assay (REMA) and nitrate reductase assay (NRA) in comparison with the conventional proportion method (PM) on Löwenstein-Jensen medium....

Model checking invariant properties of designs, represented as transition systems, with non-linear real arithmetic (NRA), is an important though very hard problem. On the one hand NRA is a hard-to-solve theory; on the other hand most of the powerful model checking techniques lack support for NRA. In this paper, we present a counterexample-guided abstraction refinement (CEGAR) approach that leve...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the cumulative incidence of nephrotic-range albuminuria (NRA), the frequency of remission, and the impact on progression, we analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS All of the albuminuric type 1 diabetic patients (n = 321, 121 women), who had at least yearly measurements of glomerula...

The most common method for detection of drug resistant (DR) TB in resource-limited settings (RLSs) is indirect susceptibility testing on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ) which is very time consuming with results available only after 2-3 months. Effective therapy of DR TB is therefore markedly delayed and patients can transmit resistant strains. Rapid and accurate tests suitable for RLSs in the dia...

We validated the nitrate reductase assay (NRA) for the detection of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) using sodium nitrate (NaNO3) in replacement of potassium nitrate (KNO3) as nitrate source. NaNO3 is cheaper than KNO3 and has no restriction on use which facilitates the implementation of NRA to detect MDR-TB.

It has been shown recently that in spinach leaves (Spinacia oleracea) net photosynthesis and nitrate reduction are closely linked: when net photosynthesis was low because of stomatal closure, rates of nitrate reduction decreased (WM Kaiser, J Förster [1989] Plant Physiol 91: 970-974). Here we present evidence that photosynthesis regulates nitrate reduction by modulating nitrate reductase activi...

The susceptibility of 49 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates to isoniazid (INH) and rifampisin (RIF) (28 multi-drug resistant-tuberculosis samples) was determined by a nitrate reductase assay (NRA) on blood agar. Agreement between the NRA and other testing methods was found to be 93.8% for both INH and RIF. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive...

The objective of the study was to evaluate the performance of nitrate reductase assay (NRA) as a rapid, reliable and inexpensive method for drug-susceptibility testing (DST) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis against first-line antitubercular drugs, such as rifampicin (RIF), isoniazid (INH), streptomycin (STR), and ethambutol (EMB). In total, 286 isolates were subjected to test by proportion method ...

Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are homo- or heteropentameric ligand-gated ion channels mediating excitatory neurotransmission and muscle activation. Regulation of nAChR subunit assembly and transfer of correctly assembled pentamers to the cell surface is only partially understood. Here, we characterize an ER transmembrane (TM) protein complex that influences nAChR cell-surface expre...