background: normal pregnancy is thought to be dependent on th2 deviation, while recurrent pregnancy loss (rpl) and pre-eclampsia (pe) appear to be biased toward the th1 immune response. it is believed that the soluble form of cd30 (scd30) is an index of th2 immune response or modulator of th1/th2 responses. objective: the aim of this study was determination of the scd30 level in rpl and pe pati...

context: normal pregnancy is associated with sodium and water retention, which results in plasma volume expansion prior to placental implantation. the explanation offered for these events is that pregnancy ‘resets’ both volume and osmoreceptors. evidence acquisition: the mechanisms for such an enigmatic ‘resetting’ in pregnancy have not previously been explained. however, recent human pregnancy...