PURPOSE To compare the MR contrast enhancement produced by ionic and nonionic paramagnetic contrast media in herniated disk fragments with that in epidural scar tissue. METHODS A recurrent herniated disk was modeled in canines by using laminectomy to place a fragment of disk cartilage in the epidural space. The dogs were studied 88 and 90 days after laminectomy with MR imaging enhanced with a...

BACKGROUND The use of intravenous contrast media (CM) has increased for the diagnosis of several diseases. The newly developed low osmolar nonionic contrast agents cause significantly decreased adverse reactions than the higher osmolar ones. However, adverse reactions may still occur, ranging in severity from minor side effects to severe complications. However, there have been few reports about...

A series of new nonionic antimicrobial polymers with a biodegradable polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) backbone grafted indole units and different hydrophobic alkyl or ether groups were synthesized by facile esterification.

Nonionic surfactants are amphilic chemicals that enhance desorption and bioavailability by increasing solubility and dispersion of poorly soluble hydrocarbons and oils. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity of commercial nonionic surfactants by using the Microtox Acute Toxicity test which is a rapid, simple test for toxicity. The test uses the luminescent bacterium V. fischeri as t...

Surfactant flooding can mobilize trapped oil and change the wettability of rock to be more hydrophilic, which increases recovery factor. However, selection surfactants is difficult in case high salinity conditions. In this work, we synthesized three novel anionic-nonionic based on widely used nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyethoxylated (NPEO) evaluated their efficiencies for enhanced (EOR) ...

Radiographic and histologic studies were carried out in rats and dogs after the instillation of Barosperse, Hypaque-35%, metrizamide, MP10013 (a nonionic iodine-containing agent), and isotonic saline into the lungs of these animals. In addition, blood gases were examined using these agents in dogs. Given aspiration of larger quantities of the contrast agents, the nonionic iodine-containing agen...

The goal of this research is to prepare novel amphiphilic graft copolymers (nonionic) based on hydrophilic poly (ethylene glycol) methyl ether (mPEG) and hydrophobic methacrylate (MMA) at room temperature pressure. To generate P(mPEG-g-MMA) grafts, was synthesized grafted with varied ratios in the existence benzoyl peroxide as an initiator utilizing a macro-free radical procedure under effect h...

Surface modification enables fiber lubrication and processing but little is known about the extent and dynamics of adsorption of typical adsorbates applied for such purposes, which often includes water-soluble block nonionic amphiphilic polymers. In this work we used quartz crystal microgravimetry (QCM) to investigate the adsorption on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) of polyalkyl glycol ethe...

Introduction The incidence of neurotoxic events due to intravascular application of iodinated x-ray contrast media (CM) has decreased markedly since the introduction of nonionic CM [1]. Severe neurotoxic complications are accompanied by disruption of the blood-brain barrier and CM extravasation [1–6]. Coronary angiography involving only nonionic CM has been reported to cause transient cortical ...