Abstract Turkish expresses adverbial subordination predominantly by means of converb clauses. These are headed nonfinite verbs, i.e. converbs, which have a suffix attached to the stem. The different converbs express aspectual relations between subordinate and superordinate clause, they can be modifying or non-modifying. We analyse data from speakers as heritage language in Germany U.S. well mon...

1. INTRODUCTION. In recent years, the term 'converb' has increasingly been used to describe constructions with cross-linguistically comparable forms and functions which include nonfinite verbal affixation, dependency on a finite verb, clause linking, and the sequencing of Asian converbs, differing primarily with respect to the potential for what Bickel refers to as 'narrative chaining': Asian c...

We consider the problem of specifying a model of the Zero Copy Secured Protocol for the purpose of LTL verification with the SPIN Model Checker. ZCSP is based on Direct Memory Access. Data is directly read/written in user space memory, decreasing latency and saving processor computing time. We first introduce the ZCSP protocol before analysing different ways of modelling it. Two main steps were...

Reanalyzing production data from three French children, we make three basic points. First, we show that tense and agreement inflection follow independent courses of acquisition (in child French). Tense production starts and ends at near-adult levels, but suffers a “dip” in production at the second stage. Agreement develops linearly, going roughly from none to 100% over the same time. This profi...

Smoothing methods have become part of the standard tool set for the study and solution of nondifferentiable and constrained optimization problems as well as a range of other variational and equilibrium problems. In this note we synthesize and extend recent results due to Beck and Teboulle on infimal convolution smoothing for convex functions with those of X. Chen on gradient consistency for non...

We revisit the purported locality constraint on Quantifier Raising (QR) by investigating children’s and adults’ interpretation of antecedentcontained-deletion (ACD) sentences, where the interpretation depends on the landing site targeted by QR out of an embedded clause. When ACD is embedded in a nonfinite clause, 4-year-old children and adults access both the embedded and the matrix interpretat...

Latin nonfinite structures with nonovert subjects exhibit puzzling properties regard to the case- and ϕ-features of their relationship overt NPs in matrix clauses. While transmission ϕ-feature related is obligatory when there a nominative or accusative controller NP, it only that remains dative controller, case being apparently optional. To avoid an assumption syntactic optionality, accounts ph...

In the present paper we focus on control as a subtype of anaphora. We work with the theory of control present within the dependency-based framework of Functional Generative Description (FGD), in which control is defined as a relation of a referential dependency between a controller (antecedent – semantic argument of the main clause) and a controllee (anaphor – empty subject of the nonfinite com...

Reanalyzing production data from three French children, we make two basic points. First, we show that tense and agreement inflection follow independent courses of acquisition (in child French). Tense production starts and ends at near-adult levels, but suffers a “dip” in production in the intermediate stage. Agreement develops linearly, going roughly from none to 100% over the same time. This p...