Operation of the nonaqueous Li-O2 battery critically relies on the reversible oxygen reduction/evolution reactions in the porous cathode. Carbon and polymeric binder, widely used for the construction of Li-O2 cathode, have recently been shown to decompose in the O2 environment and thus cannot sustain the desired battery reactions. Identifying stable cathode materials is thus a major current cha...

The conventional notion that enzymes are only active in aqueous media has long been discarded, thanks to the numerous studies documenting enzyme activities in nonaqueous media, including pure organic solvents and supercritical fluids. Enzymatic reactions in nonaqueous solvents offer new possibilities for producing useful chemicals (emulsifiers, surfactants, wax esters, chiral drug molecules, bi...

kinetic parameters of the ammonolysis reaction of dichloroethane in nonaqueous media are studied and the optimum reaction conditions are reported. a suitable reactor for running the reaction under high pressure in the range of 50 to 500 °c is designed. kinetic behaviours of the system is studied and other reaction parameters such as rate constant, kinetic order, and activation energy are determ...

The proteins and azoproteins of liver nuclei isolated in aque ous or nonaqueous medium from livers of rats fed the hepato carcinogen 3'-methyl-4-dimethylaminoazobenzene for 20 days were compared. The two types of nuclear preparation ap parently contained similar quantities of saline-soluble and-insoluble protein-bound azo dyes. in aqueous nuclei, the pro tein-bound dyes represent only 3% of tho...

The authors provide a review and literature survey of many-body effects in intermolecular forces. Topics include experimental methods, theoretical methods, many-body effects in atomic systems, and many-body effects in aqueous and nonaqueous molecular systems.

Subtilisin and alpha-chymotrypsin vigorously act as catalysts in a variety of dry organic solvents. Enzymatic transesterifications in organic solvents follow Michaelis-Menten kinetics, and the values of V/Km roughly correlate with solvent's hydrophobicity. The amount of water required by chymotrypsin and subtilisin for catalysis in organic solvents is much less than needed to form a monolayer o...

Intracellular distributions of the low molecular weight RNA species of HeLa cells were determined by a nonaqueous method of cell fractionation, in which lyophilized cells were homogenized and centrifuged in anhydrous glycerol. The nonaqueous method was used to avoid artifactual extraction of weakly bound nuclear RNA during cell fractionation. We found that the mature small RNA species K, A, C, ...