We consider an interacting particle system in continuous configuration space. The pair interaction has an attractive part. We show that, at low density, the system behaves approximately like an ideal mixture of clusters (droplets): we prove rigorous bounds (a) for the constrained free energy associated with a given cluster size distribution, considered as an order parameter, (b) for the free en...

The a.c. electric field distribution is studied in a composite, containing materials with small local losses. The possibility that 2D two-component system can have effective absorption in the absence of local absorption was evidented [1]. We study the second and higher moments of electric field and show that they diverge with the decrease of local absorption. The 3D system near the percolation ...

Jones matrix computation is one of the widely used methods in nonlinearitycalculation in laser interferometers. In this paper, the nonlinearity error in developedthree-longitudinal mode heterodyne interferometer (DTLMI) has been mathematicallymodeled at various speeds, by using Jones matrix calculations. This review has been donedespite the fact that simultaneously the main factors including no...

In this paper an analytic approach to estimate the nonlinearity of radix-4 pipelined analog-to-digital converters due to the circuit non-idealities is presented. Output voltage of each stage is modeled as sum of the ideal output voltage and non-ideal output voltage (error voltage), in which non-ideal output voltage is created by capacitor mismatch, comparator offset, input offset, and finite ga...

-The conditions under which an exchanger phase will behave as an ideal mixture are established from thermodynamic principles. It is shown that, if a stoichiometric cation-exchange reaction is reversible, the exchanger phase will exhibit ideal behavior if the Vanselow selectivity coefficient is independent of the exchanger composition. This criterion is applied to some recently published data fo...

The twisted plywood architecture, known as the Bouligand structure, is a ubiquitous biological and synthetic fibrous composite structure, analogous to that of cholesteric liquid crystals. Twisted plywoods can show ideal or non-ideal structures and are formed via equilibrium or non-equilibrium liquid crystal self-assembly processes. A key to the structure characterisation of plywood films is the...