Construction of ontology is a difficult task, expensive and time-consuming. Concept, taxonomy and nontaxonomic relations, are the three important components in the development of ontology. These three components are used to represent the whole domain texts. Currently, most of studies focused on extracting the concept, the taxonomic relationships and the non-taxonomic relationships within the sc...

Abstract Objective: Prevalence of tooth loss is higher among diabetic patients in comparison with non-diabetic patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the relationship between socket blood sugar and post-extraction complications in type II diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 80 diabetic and 80 non-dia...

The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the treatment outcome of lower incisor extraction and to compare it with premolar extraction and non-extraction treatment. The sample consisted of 60 subjects with Class I malocclusion and moderate crowding. The sample was separated into three groups: extraction of a lower incisor group, extraction of a four first premolar group and a non-extr...

The aim of this study was to investigate the facial profile changes of patients treated with and without extractions of four first premolars using novel computer-based digital subtraction software. The pre- and post-treatment radiographic image pairs of 25 extraction (13 girls and 12 boys, mean age = 12.64 +/- 1.82 years) and 24 non-extraction (12 girls and 12 boys, mean age = 12.48 +/- 1.66 ye...

OBJECTIVE To compare microaesthetics in pre- and post-orthodontic cases, treated with non-extraction and extraction treatment and assessed whether the achieved microaesthetic parameters are comparable to the proposed norms. STUDY DESIGN Quasi-experimental study. PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Orthodontic Clinic, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2005 to December 2009. M...