The presence of only non-syncytium-inducing beta-chemokine receptor 5-restricted (R5/NSI) human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) in an infected individual has been associated with long-term asymptomatic survival. However, the majority of R5/NSI HIV-1-infected individuals do progress to AIDS. Here, we compared the replicative capacity and cytopathicity of R5/NSI HIV-1 variants that were iso...

Cytopathic changes induced in tissue cultures by a variety of enteroviruses have been observed in the light microscope (1-5). Furthermore, detailed analysis by means of electron microscopy has revealed the presence of intracytoplasmic crystalline viral aggregates (6-11) as well as alterations in the fine structure of cells infected by some of these agents (12). A preliminary study of type 9 E C...

Mathematical modeling was performed to test the extent to which cytopathic and noncytopathic T cell effector functions contribute to resolution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in three acutely infected chimpanzees. Simulations based exclusively on cytopathic functions show a poor fit to the data and would require the destruction and regeneration of approximately 11 livers for clearance to ...

The aim of the study was to characterize bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection in pregnant cows and their foetuses. Blood samples from 64 clinically healthy cows, determined as pregnant after slaughter, and from their foetuses were collected into tubes with and without EDTA. In total 128 blood samples were examined for BVDV antibodies and 128 leukocyte samples for BVDV antigens by direc...

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), a Flaviviridae pestivirus, is arguably one of the most widespread cattle pathogens worldwide. Each of its two genotypes has two biotypes, non-cytopathic (ncp) and cytopathic (cp). Only the ncp biotype of BVDV may establish persistent infection in the fetus when infecting a dam early in gestation, a time point which predates maturity of the adaptive immune sys...

The outcome of a viral infection with respect to cellular fate is a fundamental aspect of viral biology. Different virus families have vastly different interactions with their host cells, but they have long been broadly grouped as causing either persistent or cytopathic infections. Persistent infections are established through a variety of mechanisms, but all result in a long-term infection of ...

We previously reported a rickettsial heartwater-like disease in vipers from Ghana that resembled heartwater in its gross lesions, was apparently transmitted by ticks (Aponomma and Amblyomma), and responded clinically favorably to early treatment with tetracycline. Cell culture showed consistent cytopathic effects in bovine endothelial cells, viper cells, and mouse cells, and inhibition of cytop...