Linguistic data are the most source to make inferences about culture, history, lifestyle and national identity of a society. Based on these linguistic data, it is known that Old Turks had nomadic thus culture. Animals carry great importance for cultures. Albeit Turks’ adaptation settled life in following centuries, animals continued have an important place their lives, similar those The Qashqai...

The Rubas fortification is a complex of stone military engineering structures, opened in 2014 the lower reaches river. Rubas, 20 km SW from city Derbent. In terms functional orientation, this archaeological object belongs to series monumental barrier structures erected Caspian Passage (Eastern Caucasus) by Sasanian Iran with financial participation Byzantium 5th–6th centuries, preventing raids ...

In Late Antiquity Arabia, under the Byzantine and Sassanid states, there are many decentralized nomadic or sedentary tribal political structures in addition to centralized organizations. There constant conflicts wars between tribes. reasons for their such as booty, blood feud, revenge, border violations. All these relative multiplicity of show that inter-tribal a form life pre-Islamic period. T...

In this paper, I examine how some nomadic pastoralists in Iran changed their use of the physical environment over the past thirty years and how these changes related to their economic practices. I base this paper on my anthropological research among Qashqa’i nomadic pastoralists in southwestern Iran in the 1970s and 1990s, including eight visits since the revolution in 1978-1979 and the Islamic...

IN a recent article relating to early nineteenth-century Bible translation and printing in Mongolian, Professor Bawden mentions in the text of his article and again in a footnote,' a medical handbook translated from Russian into Kalmuck which was published in 1823. This book is now in the library of the Wellcome Institute for the History of Medicine. The Kalmuck tribes constituted one of the ma...

This article examines the phenomenon of settled and nomadic culture symbiosis, a distinctive feature ancient Tanais – one eminent centres Bosporan kingdom. The authors analyses peculiarities intercultural interaction between Hellenic population tribes Don region Sarmatians Meots in this particular geocultural region. Moreover, research is devoted to main attributes Outstanding Universal Value b...

one of the influential phenomenal in the post-islamic history of iran is the coming of social groups from outside of its territory in the form of tribes and nomad. it first happened through the immigration of muslim arab tribes who came to iran for jihad. but after the conquest of iran by the muslim arabs and fall of the sassanid political administrative system, lack of central government in th...

The article analyzes the formation of Turkic political elite, their features and position in complex large-scale management system Golden Horde.The administrative structure Horde had its own characteristics comparison with all states that emerged after collapse Mongol Empire. Including active role nomadic Turkic-Mongolian aristocrats administration social life, was reflected ranks military aris...

AIM The aim of the study was to document the indigenous ethno-botanical knowledge of the transhumant nomads of Mustang, Nepal, a representative settlement in the Himalayan highland. METHODOLOGY A study was carried out during a direct field visit to collect plants, consisting of a semi-structured questionnaire and personal interviews. Both fresh and dried herbs, plants parts, and fungus were c...