Threshold concentrations for treatment related effects of 31 insecticides, as derived from aquatic micro-/mesocosm tests, were used to calibrate the predictive value of the European Tier-1 acute effect assessment on basis of laboratory toxicity tests with Daphnia magna, Chironomus spp., Americamysis bahia and Gammarus pulex. The acute Tier-1 effect assessment on basis of Daphnia (EC(50)/100) ov...

How much does a chemical present a real risk to human and environment? The goal of risk assessment is to estimate the likelihood and the extent of adverse effects occurring to man, animals or ecological systems due to possible exposure(s) to substances. The assessment of whether a substance presents a risk to organisms in the environment is based on the comparison of a predicted environmental c...

We tested whether multicomponent mixtures of xenoestrogens would produce significant effects when each component was combined at concentrations below its individual NOEC or EC01 level. The estrogenic effects of eight chemicals of environmental relevance, including hydroxylated PCBs, benzophenones, parabenes, bisphenol A, and genistein, were recorded using a recombinant yeast estrogen screen (YE...

The alkyl esters of p-hydroxybenzoic acid (parabens), which are used as preservatives in consumer products, possess oestrogenic activity and have been measured in human breast tissue. This has raised concerns for a potential involvement in the development of human breast cancer. In this paper, we have investigated the extent to which proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells can be incre...

( ) ABSTRACT: The industrial and sanitary use of dithiocarbamates DTCs is on the rise, and the synthesis of new derivatives has increased the field of their application. Both positive and negative pharmacological and toxicological effects have been documented for DTCs. The development and application of new DTCs must be accompanied by the study of their toxicity, beginning with the performance ...

Two different test systems, one based on the isolated sciatic nerve of an amphibian and the other on a microbial eukaryote, were used for the assessment of herbicide toxicity. More specifically, we determined the deleterious effects of increasing concentrations of herbicides of different chemical classes (phenoxyacetic acids, triazines, and acetamides), and of 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP), a de...

This paper presents the toxicity data of seven pesticides including atrazine, parathion, dichlorvos, malathion, fenthion, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, and pentachlorophenol on Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata based on a new algal toxicity testing technique conducted under air-tight environment. The dissolved oxygen production and the cell density were adopted as the response endpoints. M...

The purpose of this study was to determine the acute pulmonary toxicity of metallic silver nanoparticles (MSNPs, 20.30 nm in diameter). Acute pulmonary toxicity and body distribution of inhaled MSNPs in mice were evaluated using a nose-only exposure chamber (NOEC) system. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid analysis, Western blotting, histopathological changes, and silver burdens in various orga...