introduction: in the present work, spontaneous postsynaptic currents were assessed to investigate the postnatal development of excitatory postsynaptic currents in locus coeruleus neurons. methods: in this study, ampa and nmda receptor-mediated spontaneous synaptic currents in the neurons of locus coeruleus were assessed using whole cell voltage-clamp recording during the first three weeks. resu...

introduction: zinc is an essential trace element that plays an important role in synaptic plasticity and modulating the activity of cns and involve in learning and memory. synaptic vesicle zinc in the hippocampus area exerting modulatory effects on nmda glutamate receptor. method: in this experiment the effects of nmda agonist and antagonist administration intra hippocampus on passive avoidance...

Introduction: In the present work, spontaneous postsynaptic currents were assessed to investigate the postnatal development of excitatory postsynaptic currents in locus coeruleus neurons. Methods: In this study, AMPA and NMDA receptor-mediated spontaneous synaptic currents in the neurons of locus coeruleus were assessed using whole cell voltage-clamp recording during the first three weeks. ...

objective(s) the central nucleus of the amygdala (cea) is a forebrain structure which is important in regulation of ingestive behavior and there is direct and circumstantial evidence to indicate that some circuits involved with feeding behavior include glutamatergic elements. the present study examined whether administration of nma (n-methyl-dl-aspartic acid) or mk801 into the cea altered water...

Background and Objective: Methylphenidate (MPH), as a central nervous system stimulant, is often used to manage hyperactive disorders. The literature is scarce regarding the behavioral consequences of chronic MPH treatment and the role of involved receptors. Thus, in the current study involved receptors in MPH induced-anxiety, depression and motor activity disorders were evaluated. Materials a...

Chronic exposure to lead (Pb) affects neural functions in central nervous system (CNS) particularly the learning and memory. On the other hand, alteration of calcium level in the CNS results in activation of NOS. It has been shown that lead enters the neurons through calcium channels and displaces Ca2+ from calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin and troponin C thereby affecting calcium-med...

Anti N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDR) encephalitis has been recognized as the most frequent autoimmune encephalitis in children after acute demyelinating encephalomyelitis (ADEM).However due to the variable the variable clinical presentation, the paucity of specific finding on standard laboratory and radiological investigation remains under recognized. First discribed in 2005, most commonly...

Chronic exposure to lead (Pb) affects neural functions in central nervous system (CNS) particularly the learning and memory. On the other hand, alteration of calcium level in the CNS results in activation of NOS. It has been shown that lead enters the neurons through calcium channels and displaces Ca2+ from calcium binding proteins such as calmodulin and troponin C thereby affecting calcium-med...

Introduction: It has been shown that administration of WIN55,212-2, a cannabinoid receptor agonist, into the basolateral amygdala (BLA), dose-dependently increases the thermal latency to withdrawal in the tail-.ick test and decreases pain related behaviors in both phases of the formalin test. Recent human and animal imaging data suggest that the nucleus accumbens (NAc) is an important neural su...