The mechanism by which phosphorylation regulates nuclear localization sequence (NLS)-dependent nuclear protein import is largely unclear. Whereas nuclear accumulation of SV40 large tumor antigen (T-ag) fusion proteins is completely dependent on the T-ag NLS (amino acids 126–132), the rate of nuclear import is increased 50-fold by amino acid residues 111–125 and in particular a site for the prot...

The Benjamin-Feir modulational instability effects the evolution of perturbed planewave solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS), the modified NLS, and the band-modified NLS. Recent work demonstrates that the BenjaminFeir instability in NLS is “stabilized” when a linear term representing dissipation is added. In this paper, we add a linear term representing dissipation to the...

Nuclear localization signal retinoic acid receptor alpha(NLS-RARα), which forms from the cleavage of promyelocytic leukemia-retinoic acid receptor alpha(PML-RARα) protein by neutrophil elastase(NE), possesses an important role in the occurrence and development of acute promyelocytic leukemia(APL). However, the potential mechanism underlying the effects of NLS-RARα on APL is still not entirely c...

The C-terminal nuclear localization sequence of FUsed in Sarcoma (FUS-NLS) is critical for its nuclear import mediated by transportin (Trn1). Familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) related mutations are clustered in FUS-NLS. We report here the structural, biochemical and cell biological characterization of the FUS-NLS and its clinical implications. The crystal structure of the FUS-NLS/Trn...

In patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), ~98% express the promyelocytic leukemia (PML)‑retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) fusion protein. Previous studies have shown that, in primary leukemia cells of patients with APL, the cleavage of PML‑RARα by neutrophil elastase is important for its ability to initiate APL. This cleavage separates the nuclear localization signal (NLS) from PML, le...

Chitosan-coated curcumin nanoliposomes (CS-Cur-NLs) were fabricated by the ethanol injection method (EIM), and their physicochemical properties were compared with the properties of those fabricated by the dry thin film method (DTFM). The mean size and zeta potential of CS-Cur-NLs gradually increased with CS concentration. The encapsulation efficiency of Cur-NLs prepared by EIM was 54.70%, which...

Short stretches of amino acids, termed nuclear localization sequences (NLS), can mediate assembly of proteins into the nucleus. Proteins from the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, have been identified that specifically recognize nuclear localization peptides (Silver, P., I. Sadler, and M. A. Osborne. 1989. J. Cell Biol. 109:983-989). We now further define the role of one of these NLS-binding pro...

Activation of T lymphocytes by Ags or cytokines results in translocation of the transcription factors NF-kappa B, AP-1, NFAT, and STAT from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. The first step in the nuclear import process is recognition of a nuclear localization sequence (NLS) within the karyophilic protein by a cytoplasmic receptor such as the importin (karyopherin)-alpha subunit. The NLSs of NF-ka...

In-vitro labeling of RBC with (99m)Tc is an intricate procedure and there is always a need for an alternate blood pool imaging agent. The aim of this study was to prepare an effective nano sized liposome (NLs) similar to human RBC for blood pool scintigraphy. This study formulates PEG-NLs and non-PEG-NLs using film method plus high pressure homogenization technique. Biodistribution studies were...

PURPOSE LYRIC/AEG-1 has been reported to influence breast cancer survival and metastases, and its altered expression has been found in a number of cancers. The cellular function of LYRIC/AEG-1 has previously been related to its subcellular distribution in cell lines. LYRIC/AEG-1 contains three uncharacterized nuclear localization signals (NLS), which may regulate its distribution and, ultimatel...