Since the end of the nineteenth century, automated root canal instrumentation has been available, but systems had many problems. The challenges of increased canal blockage, instrument breakage, and insufficient canal debridement were related to the use of stainless steel instruments and have been dramatically improved with the introduction of nickel-titanium (NiTi) files. The first useable NiTi...

Background and Aim: Estrogen affects the metabolism in females. This study aimed to assess the effect of absence of estrogen on orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Materials and Methods: In this animal study, 55 rats were randomly divided into four groups. Group 1 (n=10) had intact ovaries. In group 2 (n=15), ovaries were intact but the rats were subjected to stress due to tooth preparation. I...

This paper demonstrates the feasibility of replacing the metal coil spring with the composite coil spring. Three different types of springs were made using glass fiber, carbon fiber and combination of glass fiber and carbon fiber. The objective of the study is to reduce the weight of the spring. According to the experimental results the spring rate of the carbon fiber spring is 34% more than th...

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare changes in maxillary molar root resorption, intrusion amount, dentoskeletal measures, and maximum bite force (MBF) between clear aligners (CA) fixed appliances with miniscrew (FM) during intrusion. Materials Methods Forty adults anterior open were randomized into either CA or FM groups. Lateral cephalograms, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), MBF collected at p...

objectives: the purpose of this study was to evaluate whether intra-canal application of controlled direct electric current (dec) could accelerate the amount of orthodontic tooth movement (otm) in young adult mixed breed dogs. methods: fourth premolars of both jaws of five young adult mixed breed dogs were divided into two groups of control and experimental groups. orthodontic force was applied...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of laceback ligatures on canine distalization during the leveling and aligning stage and to compare the effectiveness of laceback ligatures with that of superelastic NiTi closed coil springs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen subjects were included in this study. Fixed orthodontic treatment was planned with the extraction of first premolars to solve crowding in u...