respect to our microbial communities. The authors do the field a service by making it very clear that there is much to be learned, and that even their published book is not absolute by virtue of being the latest news. In addition, the hand-drawn illustrations are appealing and contribute to perception that far from being immortalized in official, unchangeable textbook figures, the microbiome is...

The President introduced his remarks by a short survey of the social and economic conditions in Bristol in the middle of the eighteenth century, with acknowledgments to Latimer's Annals of Bristol in the eighteenth century, Munro Smith's History of the Bristol Royal Infirmary, and other sources. He quoted from English Social History: " Good doctoring rather than better social conditions was the...

This article outlines the history of the commerce in medicinal plants and plant-based remedies from the Spanish American territories in the eighteenth century. It maps the routes used to transport the plants from Spanish America to Europe and, along the arteries of European commerce, colonialism and proselytism, into societies across the Americas, Asia and Africa. Inquiring into the causes of t...

Yan-Yan Li1 and Meng Luo2* 1Department of Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China 2Department of General Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, PR China *Corresponding author: Meng Luo, Department of General Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, ...

Ninth grade, observes Ruth Curran Neild, marks a critical juncture in American schooling. Students who manage the academic demands of the transition to high school have a high probability of graduating four years later. But those who do not-who fail to earn as many credits as they should during ninth grade-face a substantially elevated risk of dropping out of high school. Neild examines four th...